ارزیابی توان رقابتی ارقام مختلف برنج با علف‌های هرز در ارتفاعات مختلف از سطح دریا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران،

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

4 دانشکده کشاوری و محیط زیست، دانشگاه مسی، نیوزلند

10.22034/saps.2024.61164.3206

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: این تحقیق با هدف بررسی عملکرد دانه ارقام برنج (هاشمی، شیرودی و فجر) در رقابت با علف‌های هرز در سه مکان تاریکلا، فیروزآباد و فیروزجاه استان مازندران انجام شد.   
 
مواد و روش­ها: این پژوهش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شهرستان بابل استان مازندران در دو سال زراعی 1400 و 1401 اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل سه مکان تاریکلا، فیروزآباد و فیروزجاه (به ترتیب با ارتفاع 8، 180 و 400 متر از سطح دریا)، سه رقم برنج (هاشمی، فجر و شیرودی) در دو سطح آلودگی علف‌های هرز (علف‌های هرز و بدون علف‌های هرز) بودند. نمونه‌برداری از علف‌های هرز در مراحل پنجه‌زنی، شروع پانیکول، گلدهی و برداشت نهایی انجام شد و تراکم و زیست توده علف­های هرز به تفکیک اندازه‌گیری شد. در مرحله برداشت نهایی، عملکرد دانه ارقام برنج اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین درصد کاهش عملکرد و شاخص رقابت‌پذیری ارقام برنج محاسبه شد.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که سوروف (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.)، اویارسلام (Cyperus rotundus L.) و بندواش (Paspalum distichum L.) علف­های هرز غالب در مزارع ارقام برنج بودند. بیشترین تراکم علف­های هرز در هر سه مکان در رقم هاشمی مشاهده شد و تراکم گونه­های علف­های هرز، در مرحله برداشت نهایی بیشتر از سایر مراحل بود. نتایج نشان داد که مکان­های مختلف (با ارتفاع متفاوت از سطح دریا) به طور معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه در ارقام برنج تأثیر داشت. عملکرد دانه هر سه رقم در مزارع تاریکلا بیشتر بود. کمترین میزان عملکرد دانه در بین سه مکان در مزارع فیروزجاه مشاهده شد که عملکرد دانه ارقام هاشمی، فجر و شیرودی به ترتیب 26/2709، 59/3174 و 09/4441 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. کاهش عملکرد رقم شیرودی، فجر و هاشمی از مزرعه مکان تاریکلا به مزرعه مکان فیروزجاه به‌ترتیب 69/30، 03/34 و 63/33 درصد بود. در بین ارقام برنج، بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم شیرودی بود. شاخص رقابتی ارقام هاشمی، فجر و شیرودی به ترتیب 63/0، 04/1 و 40/1 در مکان تاریکلا بود.
 
نتیجه­گیری: از نتایج مطالعه حاضر می­توان برای و برآورد عملکرد برنج در مناطق مختلف در استان مازندران استفاده نمود. براساس یافته­های این مطالعه درصد کاهش عملکرد در رقم هاشمی بیشتر از دو رقم دیگر بود. رقم شیرودی به دلیل داشتن شاخص رقابتی بالاتر در شرایط آلوده به علف‌های هرز، نسبت به فجر و هاشمی پیشنهاد می گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Competitive Ability of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with weeds in different Altitudes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faezeh Zaefarian 1
  • Seyed Hadi Taheri Otaghsara Taheri Otaghsara 2
  • Rahmat Abbasi 1
  • Shahram Nazari 3
  • Kerry C. Harrington 4
1 Department of agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 ِDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
3 Research Assist. Prof., Dept. of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
4 School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, New Zealand
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the seed yield of rice cultivars (Hashmi, Shiroudi and Fajr) in competition with weeds in three regions of Tarikola, Firouzabad and Firouzjah of Mazandaran province
 
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out as factorial complete randomized block design in three replications in Babol city of Mazandaran province in 2022 and 2021. The experimental factors included three regions Tarikola, Firouzabad and Firouzjah (with elevation of 8, 180 and 400 meters above sea level), three varieties of rice (Hashemi, Fajr and Shiroudi) in two levels of weed infestation (weeding and no weeding). Sampling of weeds was done during the stages of tillering, panicle inatiation, flowering and final harvesting, also, density and dry weight of weeds were measured separately. At the final harvesting stage, the seed yield of rice cultivars was measured. Also, the yield loss percentage and the competitiveness index of rice cultivars were calculated.
 
Results: The results showed that Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus rotundus and Paspalum distichum were the dominant weeds in the fields of rice cultivars. The highest weed density was observed in Hashemi variety in all three regions, and the density of weed species was higher in the final harvest stage than in other stages. The results showed that different regions (with different elevation above the sea level) have significantly influenced seed yield in rice cultivars. The seed yield of all three cultivars was higher in Tarikola fields. The lowest seed yield among the three regions was observed in Firouzjah farms, where the seed yield of Hashemi, Fajr and Shiroudi cultivars was 2709.26, 3174.59 and 4441.09 kg. ha-1, respectively. Among rice cultivars, the highest grain yield was related to Shiroudi cultivar. Competitive index of Hashemi, Fajr and Shiroudi cultivars were 0.63, 1.04 and 1.40 respectively in Tarikola region.
 
Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used to estimate the yield of rice in different regions in Mazandaran province. According to the findings of this study, the percentage of yield loss in Hashemi cultivar was higher than the other two cultivars. Due to having a higher competitive index under weed-infested conditions, Shiroudi cultivar has a lower yield loss than Fajr and Hashemi.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air Temperature
  • Competition
  • Rice Yield
  • Weed Density

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 3
1404
صفحه 199-220

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