مطالعه برهمکنش ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد و نیتروژن بر رشد و عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در شرایط رقابت با علف‌های هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: برنج (Oryza sativa L.) محصول مهمی است که در سراسر دنیا برای تأمین تقاضای رو به رشد غذا در جهان کشت می‌شود. در کشاورزی پایدار کاربرد کودهای زیستی نقش ویژه­ای در افزایش تولید محصول و حفظ حاصلخیزی پایدار خاک دارد که باید تاثیر آنها بر رقابت علف­های هرز مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر مدیریت کود نیتروژن و ریزوباکتریهای محرک رشد بر عملکرد برنج در رقابت با علف‌های هرز انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی اثر باکتری­های محرک رشد و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج (طارم هاشمی) در شرایط حضور علف‌های هرز آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401 در شهرستان بابل انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 1) شاهد (عدم مصرف کود نیتروژن و تلقیح باکتری)؛ 2) کود شیمیایی نیتروژن (100 درصد)؛ 3) تلقیح با باکتری Enterobacter sp.؛ 4) تلقیح با باکتری Ensifer sp.؛ 5) تلقیح با باکتری Burkholderia capacia؛ 6) کاربرد تلفیقی باکتریEnterobacter sp.  + 50 درصد کود نیتروژن؛ 7) کاربرد تلفیقی باکتریEnsifer sp.  + 50 درصد کود نیتروژن؛ 8) کاربرد تلفیقی باکتری Burkhoderia capacia + 50 درصد کود نیتروژن به‌عنوان عامل اول و دو سطح عدم حضور و حضور علف هرز به‌عنوان عامل دوم بود. در مرحله برداشت نهایی، تراکم و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز، صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج بررسی شد.
 
یافته‌ها: با توجه به نتایج علف‌های هرز اویارسلام (Cyperus rotondus L.)، سوروف (Echinochloa crus-galli) و قاشق‌واش (Alisma plantago-aquatica L.) در مزرعه حضور داشتند و تراکم و وزن خشک این علف‌های هرز در اثر اعمال تیمار کود شیمیایی افزایش یافت. در بین تیمارهای کودی مورد بررسی، بیشترین تعداد پنجه (03/21 عدد در بوته)، تعداد خوشه (80/17 عدد در بوته)، تعداد دانه پر (156) و تعداد دانه کل (159) در تیمار ترکیبی انتروباکتر+ 50 درصد کود نیتروژن و عدم حضور علف هرز به‌دست آمد، درحالی‌که بیشترین ارتفاع (83/134 سانتی­متر) و وزن هزار دانه (18/25) در تیمار کاربرد کود نیتروژن (100 درصد) به‌دست آمد. علاوه براین، بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ  (08/6) نیز در تیمار کاربرد کود نیتروژن (100 درصد) و در عدم حضور علف‌های هرز دیده شد. با توجه به نتایج بیشترین عملکرد دانه (4248 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (9314 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار ترکیبی انتروباکتر + 50 درصد کود نیتروژن در شرایط عاری از علف هرز مشاهده شد که به‌ترتیب 10/97 و 41/49 درصد بیشتر از تیمار شاهد در شرایط حضور علف‌های هرز بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر استفاده از کاربرد ترکیبی تیمار انتروباکتر+ نیتروژن (50 درصد) را برای بهبود عملکرد برنج و حفظ سلامت خاک پیشنهاد می‌کند. به‌طورکلی استفاده از باکتری­های محرک رشد می­تواند با اثر مثبت بر روی عملکرد گیاه زراعی  بخصوص در شرایط رقابت با علف‌های هرز، مصرف کودها وسموم شیمیایی را کاهش دهد که این امر راهبرد مهمی در جهت حرکت به سمت کشاورزی پایدار می­باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the interaction of Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under weed Competition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yousef Amini Bengar 1
  • Faezeh Zaefarian 1
  • Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh 2
  • Arastoo Abbasian 1
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Background & Objectives: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop that is grown worldwide to supply the world’s expanding food demand. In sustainable agriculture, the use of biological fertilizers has a special role in increasing crop production and maintaining stable soil fertility, which their effect on weed competition should be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer management and growth-promoting rhizobacteria on rice yield in competition with weeds.
 
Materials & Methods: In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield components of rice (Tarom Hashemi) in the presence of weeds, a field experiment was carried out on factorial arrangement based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2022 in babol. Experimental treatments include 1) control (without nitrogen fertilizer and PGPR); 2) 100% nitrogen fertilizer; 3) inoculation with Enterobacter sp. bacteria; 4) inoculation with Ensifer sp. bacteria; 5) inoculation with Burkhoderia capacia bacteria; 6) combined application of Enterobacter bacteria + 50% nitrogen fertilizer; 7) combined application of Ensifer bacteria + 50% nitrogen fertilizer and 8) combined application of Burkhoderia + 50% nitrogen fertilizer as the first factor and two levels of absence and presence of weed as the second factor. In the final harvesting stage, density and dry weight of weeds, morphological traits and yield and yield components of rice were investigated.
 
Results: According to the results, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotondus L.), barnyard grass (Echinocloa cruss-galli) and water plantin (Alisma plantago-aquatica L.) weeds were present in the field, and the density and dry weight of these weeds increased due to the application of chemical fertilizer treatment. Among the investigated fertilizer treatments, the highest number of tiller (21.03 per plant), number of panicle (17.80 per plant), number of filled grain (156) and number of total grain (159) were obtained in the combined treatment of Enterobacter + 50% nitrogen and weed-free conditions. While the highest height (134.83 cm) and thousand grain weight (25.18 gr) was obtained in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application (100%). Moreover, the maximum leaf area index (6.08) were observed in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application (100%) and weed-free conditions. According to the results, the highest grain yield (4248 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (9314 kg.ha1) were observed in Enterobacter + 50% nitrogen treatment in weed-free conditions, which are 97.10 and 49.41% more than the control treatment in the presence of weeds, respectively.
 
Conclusion: The present study’s results suggested using the combined application of Enterobacter + 50% nitrogen for improving the rice yield and for sustaining the soil health. In general, the use of growth-promoting bacteria can reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and herbicides with a positive effect on the yield of crops especially in weed competiton, which is an important strategy in moving towards is sustainable agriculture.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Competition
  • Ente78arobacter
  • Nitrogen Fertilization
  • Rice

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 36، شماره 2
1405
صفحه 23-45

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