تاثیر محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی و نوع پرایمینگ بذر بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی مرزه (Satureia hortensis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز.

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: مرزه(Satureia hortensis L.) گیاهی دارویی با اسانسی حاوی ترکیبات ارزشمند همچون کارواکرول و تیمول است. بهبود جوانه‌زنی و فراهمی ریزمغذی‌ها می‌تواند عملکرد کمی و کیفی آن را افزایش دهد. با این حال، مطالعات محدودی بر روی اثر تلفیق پرایمینگ بذر و محلول‌پاشی ریزمغذی‌ها (به‌ویژه در شکل نانو) بر رشد و اسانس این گیاه انجام شده است. از این رو، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی روی، آهن و منگنز (به شکل معمولی و نانو) همراه با روش‌های مختلف پرایمینگ بذر بر صفات رشدی و عملکرد اسانس مرزه انجام شد.
مواد و روش ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی دو فصل زراعی (۱۴۰۰-۱۳۹۸) در شهرستان اهر انجام شد. فاکتور اول این تحقیق پرایمینگ بذر در چهار سطح (شاهد، اسموپرایمینگ با PEG 6000، هاردنینگ و هیدروپرایمینگ با آب مقطر به مدت ۲۴ ساعت) و فاکتور دوم محلول‌پاشی در هفت سطح (شاهد، سولفات‌­های روی، آهن، منگنز و نانوکلات‌های آن‌ها) همه با غلظت ۵ گرم در لیتر بودند. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه گل‌دهنده، وزن خشک شاخه و اندام هوایی ،درصد و عملکرد اسانس بودند. تجزیه واریانس با SAS نسخه ۹.۱ و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با آزمون LSD در سطح 5 درصد انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان دادند کاربرد همزمان تیمارهای اسموپرایمینگ و محلول‌پاشی نانو روی بیشترین تاثیر را بر افزایش معنی‌دار اکثر مولفه‌های رشد و عملکرد اسانس مرزه داشت. به طوری که تیمار یاد شده تعداد سرشاخه‌های گلدار، وزن خشک سرشاخه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و عملکرد اسانس گیاه مرزه را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به ترتیب حدود 38، 25، 44 و 43 درصد در سال اول پژوهش و حدود 38، 24، 44 و 40 درصد در سال دوم افزایش داد.
نتیجه­گیری: اعمال همزمان اسموپرایمینگ بذور گیاه مرزه به همراه محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی به صورت نانو با غلظت 5 گرم در لیتر، به عنوان روشی امیدبخش جهت افزایش عملکرد اسانس مرزه در شرایط آب و هوایی مشابه قابل توصیه است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients and Type of Seed Priming on the growth characteristics and essential oil yield of Savory (Satureia hortensis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Mohammadzadeh 1
  • Reza Amirnia 1
  • Mahdi Ghiyasi 2
  • Sakini Abdi 3
  • Soheyla Mohammadi Alagoz 1
1 Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran
2 Plant Production and Genetics
3 Assistant Professor, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tabriz University.
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective: Savory (Satureia hortensis L.) is a medicinal plant whose essential oil contains valuable compounds such as carvacrol and thymol. Improving germination and micronutrient availability can enhance its quantitative and qualitative yields. However, few studies have examined the combined effects of seed priming and foliar application of micronutrients (especially in nano-form) on the growth and essential oil of savory. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc, iron, and manganese (conventional and nano) along with different seed priming methods on the growth characteristics and essential oil yield of savory.
 
Material and Methods:  A factorial RCBD experiment with three replications was conducted over two growing seasons (2019–2021) at Ahar, Iran. Factors: (1) seed priming at four levels (control, osmopriming with PEG 6000, hardening, hydropriming with distilled water for 24 h); (2) foliar application at seven levels (control water spray, conventional Zn/Fe/Mn sulfates, and nano‑chelates of Zn/Fe/Mn, all at 5 g L⁻¹). Measured traits: plant height, number of flowering branches, dry weight of branches and aerial parts, essential oil and oil yield (kg ha⁻¹). ANOVA was performed using SAS (v. 9.1) and means compared by the LSD test at p ≤ 0.05.
 
Results: The results indicated that the simultaneous application of osmopriming treatments and nano zinc had the greatest significant effect on increasing most growth components and essential oil yield in savory plants. So that this treatment increased the number of flowering stems, dry weight of flowering stems, dry weight of aerial parts, and the yield of savory essence by approximately 38%, 25%, 44%, and 43%, respectively, in the first year of the study and approximately 38%, 24%, 44%, and 40%, respectively, in the second year compared to the control treatment.
 
Conclusion: Overall, the results demonstrated that the simultaneous application of osmopriming of summer savory seeds along with foliar application of nano zinc with a concentration of 5 grams per liter is a promising method for increasing essential oil yield of Savory under similar climatic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Essence Yield
  • Medicinal Plant
  • Nano Zinc
  • Osmopriming
 
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