اثر آرایش کاشت و مدیریت تلفیقی بر ساختار علف‌های هرز، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بادام زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم علف‌های‌هرز، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مغان، ایران

5 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: با توجه به اهمیت دانه­های روغنی به­عنوان دومین ذخائر غذایی جهان پس از غلات، انجام تحقیقات گسترده در زمینه انواع دانه­های روغنی ضروری می­باشد. این مطالعه به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر آرایش کاشت و مدیریت تلفیقی بر ساختار علف های هرز، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بادام زمینی انجام شد.
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش در سال‌های 1401 و 1402 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان) به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با شش تکرار اجرا شد. کرت­های اصلی شامل نوع آرایش کاشت (تک ردیفه، دو ردیفه موازی و دو ردیفه زیگزاگی) رو پشته­ی 75 سانتی­متری و کرت­های فرعی، 7 سطح مدیریت علف­های ­هرز شامل (کاشت گیاهان پوششی 1- شبدر کریمسون و 2- ماشک‌ گل‌خوشه‌ای، 3- کاربرد ترکیب علف­کش بنتازون + سوپرگالانت، 4- یکبار وجین (20 روز پس از کاشت)، 5- دوبار وجین (20 و 40 روز پس از کاشت)، 6- وجین تمام فصل علف­های هرز و 7- شاهد بدون کاربرد گیاه گیاه پوششی و بدون کاربرد علف­کش بودند.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه، شاخص کلروفیل، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه بادام زمینی و تراکم و زیست توده علف­های هرز پهن برگ و باریک برگ تحت تأثیر روش­های کنترل علف­های هرز و آرایش کاشت قرار گرفتند. بیشترین مقدار ارتفاع بوته (54 سانتی­متر)، تعداد شاخه (10 عدد)، وزن صد دانه (82 گرم) و عملکرد دانه بادام زمینی (1786 کیاوگرم در هکتار) در آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه زیگزاگی و در سطوح مختلف وجین علف­های هرز و پس از آن در تیمارهای گیاه پوششی ماشک، شبدر و کاربرد علف­کش به دست آمد و کمترین مقادیر صفات ذکر شده در آرایش کاشت تک ردیفه و در شرایط شاهد بدون کنترل حاصل گردید. بطور کلی آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه زیگزاگی و دو ردیفه موازی به ترتیب موجب 47 و 32 درصد افزایش عملکرد دانه نسبت به آرایش کاشت تک ردیفه شدند. بیشترین تراکم (15 بوته در متر مربع) و زیست توده علف­های هرز (11 گرم در متر مربع) در آرایش کاشت تک ردیفه و در شرایط شاهد بدون کنترل و کمترین تراکم علف­های هرز (1 بوته در متر مربع) در آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه زیگزاگی و بطور مشترک در تیمارهای وجین علف­های هرز و کشت گیاه پوششی ماشک به دست آمد.
 نتیجه ­گیری: با توجه به شرایط منطقه مغان، آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه زیگزاگی و انجام دوبار وجین علف­های هرز بهترین گزینه برای کنترل علف­های هرز بادام زمینی خواهد بود. ولی در صورت کمبود نیروی کار برای وجین، استفاده از اختلاط علف­کش بنتازون و سوپر گالانت در اولویت بعدی قابل توصیه می­باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Planting Pattern and Integrated Management on Weed Structure, Yield and Yield Components of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Nobahar Ghighlo 1
  • ahmad tobeh 2
  • salim farzaneh 3
  • rasoul fakhari 4
  • kamal Shahbazi Homounlu 5
1 PhD. Student of Weed Science, Dept. of Genetic and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Dept. of Genetic and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardebil, Ardebil, Iran
4 Plant Protection Research Dep, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Moghan, Iran
5 Research Assist. Prof., Crop and Horticultural Science Research Dept, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Moghan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Considering the importance of oil seeds as the second food reserve in the world after grains, it is necessary to carry out extensive research in the field of various types of oilseeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of planting pattern and integrated management on weed structure, yield and yield components of peanut.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out split plot based on a randomized complete block design with six replications in the cropping years of 2021 - 2022 and 2022-2023 in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Moghan. Main plot includes planting pattern in three levels (single row, two parallel rows and two zigzag rows) on 75 cm row, and sub plot includes 7 levels of weed management including (planting cover crops 1- crimson clover and 2- hairy vetch, chemical control: 3- application of bentazone + supergalant herbicides combination, 4- mechanical control: 4- weeding once (20 days after planting) and 5- weeding twice (20 and 40 days after planting), 6- weeding the total season of weeds and 7- the control without the use of cover crop and the use of herbicide.
 
Results: The results of the experiment showed that the height of the plant, the number of branches, the chlorophyll index, weight of 100 seeds, seed yield, total density of weeds, and total biomass of weeds were influenced by weed control methods and planting patterns. The highest measured height of the plant (54 cm), the number of branches (10), weight of 100 seeds (82 g), seed yield (1786 kg.ha-1) were obtained in the two-row zigzag planting arrangement and at different levels of weeding, and then in the treatments of hairy vetch, clover and herbicide application, and the lowest values of the mentioned traits were found in the single planting pattern and in without control. In general, two-row zigzag and two-row parallel caused 47% and 32% increase in grain yield, respectively, compared to single row planting patterns. The highest density (15) and biomass of weeds (11 g) was in the single-row planting pattern and in without control and the lowest weed density (1) was in the two-row zigzag planting pattern and in weeding twice or planting cover crops of hairy vetch.
 
Conclusion: According to the conditions of Moghan region, planting two zigzag rows and weeding
twice will be the best option to control weeds of peanuts. Also, due to the lack of manpower for weeding, it is recommended to use a mixture of bentazon + super gallant herbicides.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crimson Clover
  • Hairy Vetch
  • Two Zigzag Rows Planting
  • Weeding

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 36، شماره 2
1405
صفحه 123-138

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