ارزیابی تناسب اقلیمی-کشاورزی عناب (Ziziphus jujuba ) در استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم کشاورزی - دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای- تهران- ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: توسعه کاشت گونه‌های جدید در یک منطقه مستلزم تحلیل محدودیت‌ها و قابلیت‌های اراضی با استفاده از روش‌های نوین و تکنیک‌های زمین‌آماری در مقیاس منطقه‌ای است. این تحقیق به منظور ارزیابی توان اقلیمی اراضی استان فارس جهت کشت عناب در سال 1400-403 انجام شده است.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: ابتدا پایگاه داده­ها و لایه­های اطلاعاتی شامل هواشناسی، کاربری اراضی، مدل رقومی ارتفاع (دقت 30 متر)، خاک، پوشش گیاهی استان فارس ایجاد شد و داده­های گیاهی از مناطق اصلی تولید عناب در خراسان جنوبی و برخی مناطق فارس جمع آوری گردید. در گام دوم شاخص­های اقلیمی کشاورزی منطقه مورد مطالعه تعیین و تفکیک شد و بر اساس آن الگوی دوره رشد عناب در هر منطقه تعیین گردید. در گام سوم رفتار فنولوژی گونه عناب بر اساس مدل‌های موجود تعیین و تحلیل شد و سپس در گام چهارم شاخص‌های اقلیمی-کشاورزی تعیین کننده دامنه‌های بردباری اکولوژیک عناب شامل شاخص حرارتی، توپوگرافی، ریسک‌های حرارتی با استفاده از روش مقایسات زوجی مدل‌سازی، ارزیابی و پهنه‌بندی گردید. نقشه نهایی میزان تناسب آگروکلیماتیک عناب در استان فارس را با تأکید بر هدف تولید میوه مناسب توصیف و تبیین نمود.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که 21 درصد از اراضی دارای تناسب بسیار بالا، 23 درصد اراضی دارای تناسب خوب تا متوسط و 21 درصد اراضی از تناسب ضعیف و بقیه اراضی که تقریباً 35 درصد سطح استان را شامل می‌شود برای کشت عناب به منظور تولید میوه با کیفیت بالا نامناسب می‌باشد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: طور کلی بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش اقلیم‌های سرد تا معتدل استان فارس با عمق مناسب خاک، مناطق بسیار مستعدی برای تولید میوه عناب با کیفیت بالا ومناطق اقلیمی نسبتاً گرم و نیمه گرمسیری استان از تناسب متوسط برخوردار هستند. مناطقی گرمسیر با اقلیم بسیار گرم و مناطق بسیار سرد با ارتفاع بیش از 2200 متر و مناطقی که دارای سایر محدودیت‌های ادافیکی بودند برای تولید عناب مناسب نمی‌باشند. همچنین الگوی مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، یک دستورالعمل مناسب و کاربردی جهت توسعه کشت عناب ارایه نموده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of agro-climatic suitability of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) in Fars province,

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Taei semiromi 1
  • Mahmood Izadi 2
  • Mohammad Forouzandeh 3
1 Department of Agricultural Science, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
2 Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
3 Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol. Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The development of planting new species in a region requires the analysis of the limitations and capabilities of the lands using new methods and geostatistical techniques on a regional scale.
 
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in order to evaluate the climatic capacity of the lands of Fars province for jujube cultivation in 2020-2023For this purpose, databases and information layers including meteorology, land use, digital elevation model (DEM 30 meters), soil, vegetation, etc. were created. In the second step, the agro-climatic indicators of the studied area were determined and standardized, and based on that, the jujube growth period pattern was determined in each region. In the third step, the phenological behavior of jujube species was determined and analyzed based on the existing models, and then in the fourth step, the climate-agricultural indicators determining the ecological tolerance ranges of jujube, including thermal indices, topography, thermal risks in the main period's phenology were modeled, evaluated and zoned using the method of AHP. The final map described and explained the agroclimatic suitability of jujube in Fars province, emphasizing the goal of producing suitable fruit.
 
Results: Based on these results, 21% of lands with very high suitability, 23% of lands with good to medium suitability, and 21% of lands with poor suitability and the rest of the lands, which include approximately 35% of the province, are not suitable for jujube cultivation in order to produce high quality fruit.
 Conclusion: In general, it is predicted that, the cold to moderate climates of Fars province with appropriate soil depth, areas are very prone to produce high-quality jujube fruit. Subtropical climates and relatively warm areas of have moderate suitability. Tropical areas with a very hot climate and very cold areas with an altitude of more than 2200 meters and areas that had other edaphic limitations are not suitable for jujube production. Also, the model used in this research has provided a practical instruction for the development of jujube production.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climatic indicators
  • Jujube
  • Land suitability assessment
  • Phenology
  • Growth period

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 36، شماره 2
1405
صفحه 171-187

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