ارزیابی امنیت اکولوژیک نظام‌های تولید گندم با استفاده از تکنیک ردپای امرژی در منطقه ایرانشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آگرواکولوژی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: گندم یکی از سه غله مهم در تأمین غذا و معیشت بسیاری از ساکنان زمین است. این موضوع موجب شده تا در مدیریت نظام‌های تولید گندم با هدف افزایش بهره‌وری و عملکرد، مصرف نهاده‌ها حداکثر گردد. به دلیل اهمیت تأثیر نهاده‌های نظام‌های تولیدی بر ظرفیت زیستی و اثر آن بر پایداری تولید، در این مطالعه سعی شده است پایداری این نظام‌ها با تکنیک‌های جدید مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق، به‌منظور ارزیابی پایداری از روش ردپای امرژی و شاخص‌های برگرفته از آن استفاده شده است. این روش توانایی کمی‌کردن تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسان بر منابع اکولوژیک نظام تولیدی و اکوسیستم‌های اطراف را دارد. داده‌های موردنیاز برای این مطالعه در سال زراعی 1402-1401 از منابع مختلف مانند مصاحبه با کشاورزان و مدیران نظام‌های تولیدی در ایرانشهر و همچنین اطلاعات اداره هواشناسی گردآوری شد.
 
یافته‌ها: پس از جمع‌آوری و تحلیل داده‌ها، نتایج نشان داد که مدیریت نظام‌های تولیدی در حال حاضر موجب کاهش ظرفیت زیستی (107×85/3 هکتار جهانی در یک سال زراعی) نسبت به ردپای امرژی (108×12/8 هکتار محلی در یک سال زراعی) در منطقه هدف شد. این امر باعث شد تا نظام‌های تولید گندم در منطقه با کسری اکولوژیک (108×73/7- هکتار) مواجه باشند و امنیت اکولوژیک نظام‌ها و محیط اطراف آن‌ها به مخاطره بیفتد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه‌به اینکه تولید گندم در ایرانشهر با افزایش تقاضای اکولوژیک همراه بود، استفاده اصولی از نهاده‌ها  می‌تواند در حفظ منابع اکولوژیک مؤثر باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecological Security Assessment of Wheat Production Systems by Emergy Footprint Technique in Iranshahr

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nosrat Keshtegar 1
  • Esmaeel Seyedabadi 2
  • Seyed Ahmad Ghanbari 2
  • Mohammad Reza Asgharipour 2
  • Mehdi Dahmardeh 2
  • Tohid Bagherpour 2
1 Ph.D Student of Agroechology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Wheat is one of the three major cereals that provide food and livelihoods for a large portion of the world's population. This has led to the maximization of inputs consumption in the management of wheat production systems with the aim of increasing efficiency and yield. Due to the importance of the impact of production system inputs on biological capacity and its effect on production sustainability, this study attempts to evaluate the sustainability of these systems using new techniques.
 
Materials and Methods: In this research, the emergy footprint method and its derived indicators were used to evaluate sustainability. This method has the ability to quantify the impact of human activities on the ecological resources of the production system and surrounding ecosystems. The data needed for this study were collected in the crop year 2021-2022 from various sources such as interviews with farmers and managers of wheat production systems in Iranshahr, as well as information from the meteorological department.
 
Results: After collecting and analyzing the data, the results demonstrated that the current management of production systems has led to a reduction in biological capacity (3.85E+07 global hectares in one cropping year) compared to the emergy footprint (8.12E+08 local hectares in one cropping year) in the target region. This has resulted in an ecological deficit (-7.73E+08 hectares) in wheat production systems in the region, jeopardizing the ecological security of the systems and their surroundings.
 
Conclusion: Considering that wheat production in Iranshahr is accompanied by an increasing ecological demand, judicious use of inputs to these systems can play a significant role in conserving ecological resources.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emergy Indexes
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Maximum Yield
  • Production Systems
  • Inputs

مراجع

Adl M, Asgharipour MR, Ramroudi M, Ghanbari A and Seyedabadi A. 2024. Evaluating the sustainability and economic efficiency of banana, mango, papaya and guava production systems in Balochistan and determining their fair sales price. Ph.D. Thesis. School of Agriculture. University of Zabol. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Amiri Z, Asgharipour MR, Campbell DE and Armin M. 2019. A sustainability analysis of two rapeseed farming ecosystems in Khorramabad, Iran, based on emergy and economic analyses. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226: 1051-1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.091
Asgharipour MR, Amiri Z and Campbell DE. 2020. Evaluation of the sustainability of four greenhouse vegetable production ecosystems based on an analysis of emergy and social characteristics”. Ecological Modelling, 424: 109021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109021
Bastianoni S, Pulselli FM, Castellini C, Granai C, Dal Bosco A and Brunetti M. 2009. Emergy evaluation and the management of systems towards sustainability: A response to Sholto Maud. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 120: 472–474. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.08.010
Brandt-Williams S.L. 2002. Handbook of emergy evaluation: a compendium of data for emergy computation issued in a series of Folios. Center for Environmental Policy Environmental Engineering Science. University of Floriga, Gainesville.
Brown MT and Bardi E. 2001. Handbook of emergy evaluation. A compendium of data for emergy computation issued in a series of folios Folio, 3.
Brown MT and Ulgiati S. 2004. Energy quality, emergy, and transformity: H.T. Odum’s contributions to quantifying and understanding systems. Ecological Modelling, 178: 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.002
Campbell DE and Erban L. 2016. A reexamination of the emergy input to a system from the wind. In: Brown, M. T., Sweeney, S., Campbell, D.E., Huang, S., Rydberg, T., Ulgiati, S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Emergy Research Conference, pp. 13–19 Gainesville.
Campbell DE, Brandt-Williams SL and Meisch MEA. 2005. Environmental Accounting Using Emergy: Evaluation of the State of West Virginia. EPA/600/R-02/ 011. USEPA, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, pp. 116
Cavalett O. Queiroz JFD and Ortega E. 2006. Emergy assessment of integrated production systems of grains, pig and fish in small farms in the South Brazil. Ecological Modelling, 193: 205-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.023
Cochran WG. 1942. Sampling theory when the sampling-units are of unequal sizes. Jornal of the American Statistical Association, 37: 199-212.
Cristiano S. 2021. Organic vegetables from community-supported agriculture in Italy: emergy assessment and potential for sustainable, just, and resilient urban-rural local food production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 292: 126015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126015
Cuadra M and Rydberg T. 2006. Emergy evaluation on the production, processing and export of coffee in Nicaragua. Ecological Modelling, 196: 421-433.
Ding X, Zhou Y, Zheng N, Desideri U and Duan L. 2024. Emergy analysis and comprehensive sustainability investigation of a solar-aided liquid air energy storage system based on life cycle assessment. Applied Energy, 365: 123249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123249
Fallahinejad S, Armin M and Asgharipour MR. 2022. The effect of farm size on the sustainability of wheat production using emergy approach. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 4: 100161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100161
Fartout Enayat F and Asgharipour MR. 2023. Exploring and predicting the biocapacity of various fish farming systems based on modified emergy footprint accounting in the Sistan region of Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 904: 166195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166195
Fartout Enayat F, Ghanbari A, Asgharipour MR and Sayadabadi E. 2023. Emergy ecological footprint analysis of Yaghooti Grape production in the Sistan Region of Iran. Ecological Modelling, 481: 110332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110332
Fartout Enayat F, Ghanbari A, Asgharipour MR and Seyedabadi A. 2022. Evaluation the sustainability of some agricultural production systems using ecological footprint, emergy analysis and emergy footprint. Ph.D. Thesis. School of Agriculture. University of Zabol. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Ghaley BB, Kehli N and Mentler A. 2018. Emergy synthesis of conventional fodder maize (Zea mays L.) production in Denmark. Ecological Indicators, 87: 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.027
Gómez-Limón J.A and Sanchez-Fernandez G. 2010. Empirical evaluation of agricultural sustainability using composite indicators. Ecological economics, 69(5): 1062-1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.027
Guo T, Wang h, Zhang W,  Chen B and Song‏ D. 2023. Sustainability evaluation of protected vegetables production in China based on emergy analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 388: 135928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.135928
Hau JL and Bakshi BR. 2004. Promise and problems of emergy analysis. Ecological Modelling, 178: 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.12.016
Houshyar E, Wu XF and Chen GQ. 2017. Sustainability of wheat and maize production in the warm climate of southwestern Iran: an emergy analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 2246-2255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.187
Liu T, Wang HZ, Wang H Zh and Xu H. 2021. The spatiotemporal evolution of ecological security in China based on the ecological footprint model with localization of parameters. Ecological Indicators, 126: 1097636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107636
Liu Y, Qu Y, Cang Y and Ding X. 2022. Ecological security assessment for megacities in the Yangtze River basin: Applying improved emergy-ecological footprint and DEA-SBM model. Ecological Indicators, 134: 108481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108481
Lu H, Kang WL, Campbell DE, Ren H, Tan YW, Feng RX, Luo JT and Chen FP. 2009. Emergy and economic evaluations of four fruit production systems on reclaimed wetlands surrounding the Pearl River Estuary, China. Ecological Engineering, 35: 1743-1757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.08.001
Mirshekari S, Dahmardeh M, Asgharipour M. R, GHanbari, S. A and Seyedabadi E. 2023. Assessing emergy-based sustainability in five major agricultural ecosystems in Hirmand, Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Crop Science Research in Arid Regions, 4(2): 437-457. (In Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.22034/csrar.2021.311181.1146
Mokhtari V. 2015. The ecological footprint of some crops in Iran. PhD thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.(In Persian with English Abstract).
Mwambo FM, Fürst C, Nyarko BK, Borgemeister C and Martius‏ C. 2020. Maize production and environmental costs: Resource evaluation and strategic land use planning for food security in northern Ghana by means of coupled emergy and data envelopment analysis. Land Use Policy, 95: 104490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104490
Nasiri Mahalati M, Kochaki A, Rizvani P and Beheshti AR. 2013. Agroecology (translation). Publications of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. pp: 459
Odum HT. 1996. Environmental accounting: emergy and environmental decision making. Wiley, New York pp. 379.
Pan H, Zhuang M, Geng Y, Wu F and Dong H. 2018. Emergy-based ecological footprint analysis for a Mega-city: The dynamic changes of Shanghai. Cleaner Production, 210: 552-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.064
Peng W, Wang X, Li X and He C. 2018. Sustaiability evaluation based on the emergy ecological footprint method: A case study of Qingdao, china, from 2004 to 2014. Ecological Indicators, 85: 1249-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.020
Piastrellini R, Rotolo G.C, Arena AP, Civit BM and Curadelli S. 2024. Evaluation of the environmental sustainability of agricultural production using the methodologies of emergy analysis and life cycle assessment. Case study, tomato grown in Mendoza (Argentina). Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy, 8: 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100082
Smith P, Soussana J. F, Angers D, Schipper L, Chenu C, Rasse D. P, ... and Klumpp K. 2020. How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal. Global Change Biology, 26(1): 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14815
Su C, Geng Y, Liu G, Borrion A and Liang‏ J. 2021. Emergy-based environmental accounting of China’s nickel production. Ecological Indicators, 161: 112006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112006
Wang X, Tan W, Zhou S, Xu Y, Cui T, Gao H, Chen M, Dong X, Sun H, Yang J, Wu Y and Kong F. 2021. Converting maize production with low emergy cost and high economic return for sustainable development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 136: 110443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110443
Xie B, Zhang X, Lu J, Liu F and Fan Y. 2022. Research on ecological evaluation of Shanghai port logistics based on emergy ecological footprint models. Ecological Indicators, 139: 108916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108916
Yang Q, Liu G, Hao Y, Coscieme L, Zhang J, Jiang N, Casazza M and Giannetti BF. 2018. Quantitative analysis of the dynamic changes of ecological security in the provinces of China through emergy-ecological footprint hybrid indicators. Cleaner Production, 184: 678-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.271
Yao X, Chen W, Song Ch and Gao S. 2022. Sustainability and efficiency of water-land-energy-food nexus based on emergy-ecological footprint and data envelopment analysis: Case of an important agriculture and ecological region in Northeast China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 379: 134857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134854
Zhang Q, Li T, Yin Y, Ying H, Cui Z and Zhang F. 2021. Targeting Hotspots to Achieve Sustainable Nitrogen Management in China’s Smallholder-Dominated Cereal Production. Agronomy, 11(3): 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030557
Zhang X, Xu L, Chen Y and Liu T. 2020. Emergy-based ecological footprint analysis of a wind farm in China. Ecological Indicators, 111: 106018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106018
Zhao H, Zhai X, Guo L, Liu L, Huang D, Yang Y, Li J, Xie Sh, Zhang C, Tang Sh and Wang K. 2019. Assessing the efficiency and sustainability of wheat production systems in different climate zon in China using emergy analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235: 724-732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.251
Zhao H, Zhai X, Guo L, Yang Y, Li J, Ren Ch, Wang K, Liu X, Zhan R and Wang K. 2019. Comparing protected cucumber and field cucumber production systems in China based on emergy analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 236: 117648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117648
Zhao Sh, Li Z and Lia. 2005. A modified method of ecological footprint calculation and its application. Ecological Modelling, 185: 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.11.016
Zhao Sh, Song K, Gui F, Cai H, Jin W and Wu Ch. 2013. The emergy ecological footprint for small fish farm in China. Ecological Indicators, 29: 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.12.009
 
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 36، شماره 2
1405
صفحه 291-304

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار