Effect of the Bbiofertilizers and Nitrogen Rates on Agronomic Traits and Nitrogen Efficiency Indices of Corn

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Department of Agriculture, Takestan, Iran

2 Faculty member, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch,, Iran

3 Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen levels on agronomic traits and nitrogen efficiency indices of corn
Materials and Methods: This experiment was performed during 2016 and 2017 in the Animal Science Research Farm of Alborz Province as a split plot and in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 100, 200 kg.ha-1) as the main plots and biofertilizer at eight levels (no inoculation, Aztobacter, Mycorrhiza, Azospirillum, Aztobacter + Mycorrhiza, Aztobacter + Azospirillum, Mycorrhiza + Azospirillum, Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Azospirillum) as sub-plots were considered.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizers on forage yield was significant. The results showed that increasing nitrogen application to 200 kg.ha-1 increased forage yield. The use of biofertilizers, either alone or in combination in all nitrogen fertilizer applications, increased forage yield. But the combined effect of biofertilizers had the greatest effect. However, the increase in yield was higher at lower levels of nitrogen fertilizer, especially in the control treatment (no nitrogen application). The highest nitrogen agronomical efficiency was observed in the treatment of 50 kg.ha-1 and in this case, the difference between the biofertilizer treatments was more obvious, so that the combined use of biofertilizers had the highest nitrogen agronomical efficiency.
Conclusion: Combined application of biofertilizers with less nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg.ha-1) can improve the nitrogen use efficiency in corn production while achieving acceptable grain and forage yield.

Keywords

References

Abou El-Hassan, WH, Hafez EM, Ghareib A, Freeg MR and Seleiman MF. 2014. Impact of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on water utilization efficiency, N accumulation, growth and yields of (Zea mays L.). Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 12(3): 217-222.
Ahmadi M, Mondani F, Khorramivafa M, Mohammadi G, Shirkhani A. 2018. Evaluation of Nitrogen Uptake and Productivity of Maize Cultivars (Zea mays L.) under Kermanshah Climate Condition, Journal of Agroecology, 10(1), pp. 234-247.
Alahresani M, Ramazani S. 2021. Effects of Biological, Chemical and Animal Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Pigments, Yield and Yield Components of Corn 500 Single cross, journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31(1), pp. 125-143. 
Anil L, Park J and Phipps RH. 2000. The potential of forage-maize intercrops in ruminant nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 85: 157-164.
Arrudaa L, Beneduzi A, Martins A, Lisboa B, Lopes C, Bertolo F, Passaglia Maria LMP and Vargas KL. 2013. Screening of Rhizobacteria isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) in Rio Grande do Sul State (South Brazil) and analysis of their potential to improve plant growth. Applied Soil Ecology, 63: 15- 22.
Bahamin S. 2011. Effect of Biological, Livestock and Chemical Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Function of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Master's thesis for Agro-ecology, Birjand University. (In Persian).
Chandrasekar BR, Ambrose G and Jayabalan N. 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and nitrogen source level on the growth and yield of Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb) Link. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1(2), 223-234.
Edi Zadeh KH, Mahdavi Damghani ASM, Ibrahim Por F and Sabahi H. 2011 Effects of amount and method of application of bio fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn, Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 4 (3): 21-35. (In Persian).
Emam Y and Eilkaee MN. 2002. Effects of plant density and chlormequat chloride (CCC) on morphological characteristics and grain yield of winter oilseed rape cv. Talayeh. Agronomy Science Journal, 1:18.
FAOSTAT. 2019. http://www.fao.org/
Fan X, Lin F and Kumar D. 2004. Fertilization with a new type of coated urea evaluation for nitrogen efficiency and yield in winter wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25: 853-865.
Farnia A and Torkaman H. 2015. Effect of different bio-fertilizers on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 4: 75-79.
Hamidi A, Asgharzadeh A, Chokan R, Dehghan Shoar M, Ghalavand A, and Malakouti MJ. 2007. Rhizobacteria (PGPR) biofertilizer application in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation by adequate input. Environmental Science, 4(4): 1-20.
Huggins DR and Pan WL. 1993. Nitrogen efficiency components analysis: an evaluation of cropping system differences in productivity. Agronomy Journal, 85(4): 898- 905.
Itelima JU, Bang WJ, Onyimba IA, Sila MD and Egbere OJ. 2018. Bio-fertilizers as key player in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity: (A Review). Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 6 (3):73-83.
Jackson ML. 1958. Soil chemical analysis, Prentice Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. USA. pp: 498.
Jafari AV, Connolly V, Frolich A and Walsh EK. 2003. A note on estimation of quality in perennial ryegrass by near infrared spectroscopy. Irish journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 42: 293-299.
Javan Gholiloo M, Yarnia M, Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh A, Farahvash F, Daneshian A. 2020. The Reaction of Valerian to the Application of Bio-Fertilizers under Drought Stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30(4), 59-72.
Lopez-Bellido RJ and Lopez-Bellido L. 2001. Efficiency of nitrogen in wheat under Mediterranean conditions: effect of tillage, crop rotation and N fertilization. Field Crop Research. 71: 31-46.
Mojadam M. 2008. Effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen management on dry matter distribution and some morphological characteristics of corn. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Plant Science, 1(2): 123-136.
Moll RH, Kamprath EJ, and Jackson WA. 1982. Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agronomy Journal, 74: 562–564.
Moradi M, Siadat AA, Kazazi K, Naseri R, Maleki A and Mirzaei A. 2011. Effect of application of bio-fertilizers andphosphorus fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative traits offspring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Crop and Weed Ecophysiology, 5(18): 51-66. (In Persian).
Morshed RM, Rahman MM and Rahman MA, 2008. Effect of nitrogen on seed yield, protein content and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max). Journal Agriculture Rural Development, 6(1, 2): 13-17.
Rahmani, H. (2010). Sustainable agriculture and healthy production challenges. Isfahan: Nasooh Publishing. (In Persian).
Saravanakumar D, Kavino M, Raguchander T, Subbian P and Samiyappan R. 2011. Plant growth promoting bacteria enhance water stress resistance in green gram plants. Acta Physiol Plant, 33: 203–209.
Sarkhosh A and Aboutalebian M. 2013.Nnitrogen use efficiency, yield and some agronomic characteristics of maize under on-farm seed priming and times of nitrogen application. Journal of crops improvement (Journal of Agriculture), 15(3), 117-128.
Sarmadnia Gh and Kouchaki A. 2003. Crop Physiology (Translation). Publications University of Mashhad. (In Persian).
Syeidi M and Rezvani Moghaddam P. 2011. Study yield, its components and nitrogen use efficiency using of compost mushroom, biological and urea fertilizer in wheat. Journal of Agroecology, 3: 313–323. (In Persian).
Sharma AK. 2003. Bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Agro-bios (India). 218 pp.
Shiri MR, Moharramnejad S, Emaratpardaz J and Zadehesfahlan MR. 2019. Assessment of Different Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids under Moghan Climate. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 29: 59-71. (In Persian).
Shoghi Kalkhoran Q, Qalavand A, Modares Sani SAM and Akbari P. 2010. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and bio fertilizer on yield and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Iran. 12 (4), 481-467. (In Persian).
Singh JS, Pandey VC and Singh DP. 2011. Efficient soil microorganisms: A new dimension for sustainable agriculture and environmental development. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 140: 339–353.
Soleimani Fard A, Naseri Rad H, Naseri R, Piri A. 2013. The effect of growth-promoting bacteria on phenology, yield and grain yield components of maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). Eco Physiology of Crops (Agricultural Sciences), pp: 89-71.
Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, Naylor R and Polasky S. 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418: 671–677.
Ting LZ, Yang JY, Drury CF and Hoogenboom G. 2015. Evaluation of the DSSAT-CSM for simulating yield and soil organic C and N of a long-term maize and wheat rotation experiment in the Loess Plateau of Northwestern China. Agricultural Systems, 135: 90-104.
Wajid A, Ghaffar A, Maqsood M, Hussain K and Nasim W. 2007. Yield response of maize hybrids to varying nitrogen rates. Pakistanian Journal of Agricultural Science, 44(2): 217- 220.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Volume 32, Issue 3
June 2022
Pages 1-16

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics