Evaluation of Yield and Growth of Dragon’s Head (Lallemantia iberica (M. Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Intercropped with Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Under the Application of Nitroxin Biofertilizer and Urea

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Nowadays, application of intercropping and biofertilizers play an important role in sustainable agriculture. Thus, in order to evaluate the effect of application of chemical and biological fertilizers on purslane/dragon’s head intercropping, a factorial experiment was conducted on the basis of completely randomized block design with three replications at the Agricultural and Environmental Research station of Hamadan in 2015. The first factor had five levels, including purslane monoculture, dragon’s head monoculture, and purslane/dragon’s head intercropping with ratios of 100:25, 100:50, 100:75 (purslane:dragons’head, respectively). The second factor had four levels, including no application of fertilizers and application of nitrogenous chemical fertilizer (urea), nitroxin biofertilizer inoculation and combination of 50% urea + nitroxin inoculation. Results showed that intercropping increased relative chlorophyll of the both species. The highest seed yield of dragon’s head (172.80 g.m-2) was recorded in monocultured dragon’s head with the application of 50% urea + nitroxin inoculation. Fertilizers increased seed mucilage yield in dragon’s head. The highest mucilage yield (3.04 g.m-2) was also observed in 50% urea + nitroxin inoculation. Evaluation of relative yield total (RYT) and land equivalent ratio (LER) showed that intercropping of 50% dragons’ head + 100% purslane and 50% urea + nitroxin inoculation had more efficient compared to other treatments.
 

Keywords


Abdel-Aziez SM, Eweda WE, Girgis MGZ and Abdel Ghany BF, 2014. Improving the productivity and quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa) by using Azotobacter as N2 biofertilizer. Annals of Agricultural Science 59(1): 95-108.
Agegnehu G, Ghizaw A and Sinebo W, 2006. Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. European Journal of Agronomy, 25: 202-207.
Aghaei Gharachorlou P, 2013. Effect of different irrigation treatments and plant density on yield and effective substances of Dragon’s hean (Lallemantia iberica Fish. et Mey.). MSc theisi of agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University.
Alexandratos N, 2003. World agriculture: towards 2015-30. In proceeding of congress on global food Security and Role of Sustainable Fertilization, 26-28 March 2003. Rome. Italy.
Asadi S, Chayichi MR, Abasdokhot H, Asghari HR and Gholipoor M, 2013. Evaluation of forage qualitative characteristics of Sorghum and Fenugreek affected by nitrogen fertilizer (biological, chemical and integrated) in additive intercropping. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 44 (3): 479-493. (In Persian).
Azzaz NA, Hassan EA and Hamad EH, 2009. The chemical constituent and vegetative and yielding characteristics of fennel plants treated with organic and bio-fertilizer instead of mineral fertilizer. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Science. 3(2): 579–87.
Bagheri Shirvan M, 2012. Evaluation of intercropping of soybean with sweet basil and borage. MSc thesis of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Environmental and Agricultural Science of Sari.
Barbosa–Filho JM, Alencar AA, Nunes Tomaz AC, Sena Filho JG and Athayde Filho PF, 2008. Sources of alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsiloncarotenes: A twentieth century review. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 18: 135–54.
Carrubba A, Torre R, Saiano F and Aiello P, 2008. Sustainable production of fennel and dill by intercropping. Agronomy and Sustainable Development. 28: 247–256.
Chan K, Islam MW, Kamil M, Radhakrishna R, Zakaria MN and Habibullah M, 2000. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Portulaca oleracea L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 73: 445–51.
Chapagain T and Riseman A, 2014. Barley–pea intercropping: Effects on land productivity, carbon and nitrogen transformations. Field Crops Research. 166: 18–25.
Dehghani Meshkani MR, Naghdibadi H, Darzi MT, Mehrafarin A, Rezazadeh S and Kadkhoda Z, 2010. Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on quality and quantity yield of Matricaria recutita L. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 10 (2): 35-48.
Fekri N, Khayami M, Heydari R and Javadi MA, 2008. Isolation and identification of monosaccharide of Mucilage in Dragon's head by thin layer chromatography. Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 24 (2): 207-216.
Garousi H, Hemati K and Habibi D, 2013. The impact of growth promoting bacteria, vermicompost, compost and waste on growth indices, chlorophyll, essential oil and some secondary compounds of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Iranian Journal of Ecophysiological Research, 31 (3): 58-66.(In Persian).
Gholi Nejad A and Rezayi Chiyaneh A, 2014. Evaluation of seed yield and quality of Nigella sativa L. with intercropping of pea (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy Science, 16 (3): 236-249. .(In Persian).
Ghosh PK, Manna MC, Bandyopadhyay K, Ajay K, Tripathi AK, Wanjari RH, Hati KM, Misra AK, Acharya CL and Subba Rao A, 2006. Interspecific interaction and nutrient use in soybean/sorghum intercropping system. Agronomy Journal. 98: 1097–1108.
Guerrero-Molina MF, Winik B, Pedraza RO, 2012. More than rhizosphere colonization of strawberry plants by Azospirillum brasilense. Applied Soil Ecology. 61: 205-212.
Habibi A, Heydari G, Sohrabi Y and Mohammadi K, 2012. Effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of Medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. Convar. pepo Var. styriaca). Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants, 28 (4): 604-615. .(In Persian).
Hamzeyi J and Najari S, 2013. Evaluation of the possibility of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application using nitroxin biofertilizer in the production of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) medicinal plant. Sustainable Agriculture, 23 (4): 57-70. .(In Persian).
Hamzeyi J, 2012. Evaluation of yield, SPAD, land equivalent ration and land efficiency in intercropping of barley and bitter vetch. Journal of Crop Production, 2 (4): 79-91.
Jahan M, Amiri MB, Dehghanipoor F and tahami MK, 2013. Effect of application of biofertilizer and winter summer crops on production, essential oil and some agroecological traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy Research, 10 (4): 751-763. .(In Persian).
Kandil AA, Badawi MA, EL-Moursy SA and Abdou MA, 2004. Effect of planting dates, nitrogen levels and bio-fertilization treatments on growth attributes of sugar beet (BetaVulgaris L.). Basic Applied Science. 5(2): 227-237.
Katayoun MS, 2006. Essential oil composition of Lallemantia iberica Fisch. et C.A. Mey. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 18(2): 164–165.
Koochaki A, Nasiri Mahalati M, Boroumand Rezazadeh Z, Jahani M and Jafari L, 2014. Evaluation of yield of Nigella sativa L. in intercropping with pea (Cicer arietinum L.) and dry bean (Phaseoluse vulagaris L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy Research, 12 (1): 1-8. .(In Persian).
Maghsoudi A, Ghalavand A and Aghaalikhani M, 2014. The effect of different levels of fertilizer (organic, biological and chemical) on morphological traits and yield of corn single-cross 7. Journal of Agronomy, 104: 129-135.
Mahfouz SA and Sharaf-Eldin MA, 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of International Agrophysics. 21(4): 361–366.
Mehdi D, Turan N and Issa K, 2015. Evaluation of aloe vera intercropping on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of roselle. Bulgar. Journal of Agricultural Science. 21(4): 779–783.
Muyayabantu GM, Kadiata BD and Nkongolo KK, 2013. Assessing the effects of integrated soil fertility management on biological efficiency and economic advantages of intercropped maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) in DR Congo. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 3(3): 520-541.
Naghizadeh M, Ramroudi M, Golavi M, Siyahsar B, Heydari M and Maghsoudi Mood AA, 2012. Effect of a variety of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn and green pea in intercropping systems. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 43 (2): 203-215. .(In Persian).
Nakhzari Moghadam A, 2012. Intercropping forage yield and quality of forage barley and mustard in different planting dates. Journal of Crop Production, 5 (4): 173-189.
Nazari Haris A, 2013. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the yield and essential oil of Dragon’s head under limited irrigation conditions. MSc thesis of agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University.
Nori-Shargh D, Kiaei SM, Deyhimi F, Mozaffarian V, Yahyaei H, 2009. The volatile constituents analysis of Lallemantia iberica (M.B.) Fischer & Meyer from Iran. Natural Product Research. 23, 546–548. .(In Persian).
Okpara DA, 2000. Growth and yield of maize and vegetable cowpea as influenced by intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer in the lowland humid tropics. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment, 2(2):188-194.
Ordookhani K, Sharafzadeh S and Zare M, 2011. Influence of PGPR on Growth, Essential Oil and Nutrients Uptake of Sweet Basil. Advances in Environmental Biology. 5(4): 672-677.
Palaniswamy UR, Bible BB, McAvoy RJ, 2004. Oxalic acid concentrations in Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) is altered by the stage of harvest and the nitrate to ammomium ratios in hydroponics. Science of Horticulture 102: 267–275.
Rezayi Chiyaneh A and Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab A, 2014. Evaluation of application of biological and chemical fertilizers on quality and quantity yield of ammi. Agricultural Ecology, 6 (3): 582-594. .(In Persian).
Rezayi Chiyaneh A, Taj bakhsh M and Fotouhi Chiyaneh S, 2014. Yield and yield components of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with strip intercropping with Carum copticum L. under application of biological and chemical fertilizer. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 24 (4): 1-15. .(In Persian).
Roesty D, Gaur R and Johri BN, 2006. Plant growth stage, fertilizer management and bioinoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria affect the rhizobacterial community structure in rain-fed wheat fields. Soil Biological and Biochemistry, 38: 1111-1120
Seyedi M, 2011. Effect of intercropping of pea and barley on seed yield and weed control in Hamadan. MSc thesis of agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Buali Sina university of Hamadan.
Singh D, Chand S, Anvar M and Patra D, 2003. Effect of organic and inorganic amendment on growth and nutrient accumulation by isabgol (Plantago ovata) in sodic soil under greenhouse conditions. Jouranl of Medicinal and Aromatics Plant Science. 25: 414–419.
Singh M, Singh UB, Ram M, Yadav A and Chanotiya CS, 2013. Biomass yield, essential oil yield and quality of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L. Her.) as influenced by intercropping with garlic (Allium sativum L.) under subtropical and temperate climate of India. Industrial Crops and Products. 46: 234-237.
Veisi H, Liaghati H and Alipour A, 2016. Developing an ethics-based approach to indicators of sustainable agriculture using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Ecological Indicators. 60: 644-654.
Yadav RD, Keshwa GL and Yadva SS, 2002. Effect of integrated use of FYM, urea and sulphur on growth and yield of Isabgol (Plantago ovata). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatics Plant Science. 25: 668-671.
Yassein M, Singh M and Ram D, 2014. Growth, yield and economics of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) under intercropping system. Industrial Crops and Products. 61: 417-421.