Crop Yield and Growth Trait Response to Varied Nitrogen Fertilization and Pre-Planting of Cover Crops in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Prof., Agrotechnology Dept. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran,

2 MSc graduated of Aronomy, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Sari University, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran

3 Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

4 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Abstract

Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels and pre-planting of cover crops on some vegetative traits and yield of rice plants.
Material and Methods: This was conducted over 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, at the research farm of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The experimental design employed a three-replicated split-plot arrangement within a randomized complete block design. The main plots involved five nitrogen consumption levels (0, 120, 240, 320, and 400 kg ha-1). The sub-plots included four types of pre-planted cover crops (no cover crop, canola, bersim clover, and rye).
Results:
Based on the findings, employing berseem clover as a cover crop in pre-sowing resulted in a significantly more favorable rice yield than others. Nitrogen fertilizer at rates of 320- 400 kg ha-1 led to enhanced vegetative traits, yield, and various yield components, including leaf area index and tiller number, ultimately resulting in increased overall yield. Results revealed that planting bersim clover cover crop before planting rice, along with 320 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer, leads to 41.5% higher yield compared to no fertilizer).).
Conclusion:
Bersim clover stood out among the pre-planting cover crops, significantly enhancing many rice traits. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between urea fertilizer levels of 320 and 400 kg ha-1 in several measured traits. Thus, the integrated treatment of bersim clover cover crop and 320 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer is recommended before planting rice.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abdani F, Farzaneh M and Masgarbashi M. 2015. Investigating the effect of rye and vetiver cover crops on field weed management and wheat yield and yield components. MSc thesis in Agriculture. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. 213 pages.
Ala A, Alikhani M, Amiri Larijani B and Soufizadeh S. 2014. Comparison Between Direct-seeding and Transplanting of Rice in Mazandaran Province: Weed Competition, Yield and Yield Components. Iranian Journal of Field Crops, 12: 3(35): 463-475. (In Persian). DOI: 10.22067/gsc.v12i3.22637
Anil K, Yakadri M and Jayasree G. 2018. Influence of nitrogen levels and times of application on growth parameters of aerobic Rice. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7: 1525-1529. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.179
Belder P, Spiertz JHJ, Bouman BAM and Toung TP. 2005. Nitrogen economy and water productivity of lowland rice under water irrigation. Field Crops Research, 93: 169-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.09.022
Borell A, Garside A and Shu FK. 1997. Improving efficiency of water for irrigated rice in a semi-arid tropical environment. Field Crops Research, 52: 231–248. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00033-6
Bouman BAM, Xiaoguang Y, Huaqi W, Zhiming W, Junfang Z, Changgui W and Bin C. 2002. Aerobic Rice (Han Dao): A new way of growing rice in water short areas. Proceedings of the 12th ISCO Conference, May, Beijing 26-31.
Chaturvedi I. 2005. Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa). Journal of Central European Agriculture, 6(4): 611-618. https://jcea.agr.hr/en/issues/article/343
Danga BO, Ouma JP, Wakindiki IIC and Bar-Tal A. 2009. Legume– wheat rotation effects on residual soil moisture, nitrogen and wheat yield in tropical regions. Advances in Agronomy, 101: 315-349.  DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00805-5
Emam, Y. 2007. Cereals Production. Shiraz Univeresity Press. 199p.
Fageria NK and Baligar VC. 1996. Response of low land rice and common bean growing rotation to soil fertility levels on varzea soil. Fertility Research and Practice, 45: 13-20. DOI: 10.1080/01904169709365335
Fageria NK and Baligar VC. 2001. Low land rice response to nitrogen fertilization. Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32(1&9):1405-1429. DOI: 10.1081/CSS-100104202
Faraji A and Mirlohi A. 1998. Effect of Splitting and Rate of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) in Isfahan. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 2(3): 25-34. DOI: 20.1001.1.22518517.1377.2.3.3.1
Faraji F, Esfahani M, Kavoosi M, Nahvi M and Rabiee M. 2011. Effect of nitrogen application on grain yield and milling quality of rice cultivar ‘Khazar’. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 13(1): 61-77. (In Persian). DOI: 20.1001.1.15625540.1390.13.1.5.9
Faraji H, Siadat A, Fathi Q and Gilani A. 2000. Investigating the effect of nitrogen fertilizer distribution on the yield and yield components of modified rice varieties in the environmental conditions of Ahvaz. Summary of articles of the 6th Congress of Agriculture and Plant Breeding of Iran. Mazandaran University, Babolsar. 6-13 Shahrivar 344 P.
Fischer KS, Lafitte R, Fukai S, Atlin G and Hardy B. 2003. Breeding Rice for Drought-prone Environments. Los Baños (Philippines), International Rice Research Institute 98 p.
Ghafari M, Ahmadvand G, Ardakani MR Mosadeghi MR, Yeganehpour F, Ghaffari M and Mirakhori M. 2013. The effect of cover plant residues on some physical and chemical characteristics of soil and the speed of potato germination. Scientific Research Journal of Ecophysiology 6 (21): 79-90. (In Persian).
Gilani A, Siadat SN, Fathi GH. 2003. The effect of density and seedling age on yield and yield components of three rice cultivars in Khuzestan conditions. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34: 2. (In Persian). https://journals.ut.ac.ir/article-17918.html
Haefele S, KNaklang M, Harnpichitvitaya D, Jearakongman S, Skulkhu E, Romyen P, Phasopa S, Tabtim S, Suriya-arunroj D, Khunthasuvon S, Kraisorakul D, Youngsuk PT, Amarante S and Wade LJ. 2006. Factors affecting rice yield and fertilizer response in rainfed lowlands of northeast Thailand. Field Crops Research, 98: 39-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.12.003
Hassanzadeh Qortapeh A, Ghaemi S and Haqi S. 2010. The effect of green manure allelopathy on the diversity and population of weeds, National Conference on Biodiversity and its Impact on Agriculture and Environment, 1077-1086.
Hayat R, Ali S, Siddique MT and Chatha TH. 2008. Biological nitrogen fixation of summer legumes and their residual effects on subsequent rainfed wheat yield. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (2): 711–722.
He H, Ma F, Yang R, Chen L, Jia B, Cui J, Fan H, Wang X and Li L. 2013. Rice performance and water use efficiency under plastic mulching with drip irrigation. PLoS ONE, 8(12): e83103. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083103.
Hirzel J, Pedreros A and Cordero K. 2011. Effect of nitrogen rates and spilt nitrogen fertilization on grin yield and its components in flooded rice. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 71: 437-444. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-58392011000300015
Hosseini Imani SP. 2003. Investigating the effect of planting date, plant spacing and nitrogen fertilizer on growth indicators, yield and yield components of the new 8008 rice line. master thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Mazandaran University. 97 p. (In Persian).
Huang M, Zou Y, Jiang P, Xia B, Feng Y, Cheng Z and Mo Y. 2011. Yield Component Differences between Direct-Seeded and Transplanted Super Hybrid Rice. Plant Production Science, 14(4): 331-338. DOI: 10.1626/pps.14.331
Kavoosi M and Allah Gholipour M. 2017. Effect of rate and split application of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cvs. Gilaneh and Abjiboji. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 19: 165-180. (In Persian). DOI: 20.1001.1.15625540.1396.19.2.6.4
Kazemi Poshtmasari H, Pirdashti H, Bahmanyar MA and Nasiri M. 2016. Studying the effect of amounts and distribution of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of different rice cultivars. Agriculture and horticulture, 45: 68-77. (In Persian). DOI: 20.1001.1.20084811.1389.41.1.2.1
Kazemi Poshtmassari H, Pirdashti H, Bahmanyar MA and Nasiri M. 2007. Study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and split application on yield and yield components of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi), 75: 68-77. (In Persian). magiran.com/p460988
Kumar N and Prasad R. 2004. Effect of levels and source of nitrogen on concentration and uptake of nitrogen by a high yielding and a hybrid of rice. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 50: 447-454. DOI: 10.1080/03650340410001682999
Liu GF, Yang J, Xu HM, Hayat Y and Zhu J. 2008. Genetic analysis of grain yield conditioned on its component traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 59: 189-195. DOI: 10.1071/AR07163
Mann RA, Zia MS and Salim M. 2000. New dimensions in green manuring for sustaining the productivity of rice wheat system. Proc. Symp. Integrated Plant Nutrition Management. Ahmad N and Hamid A. (eds.). November 8-10, 1999, Pp: 166-185. NFDC, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Momeni A. 2012. Studying the possibility of changing the rice cultivation pattern from flooded to aerobic conditions in Mazandaran. Journal of Crop Production, 6(4): 215-228. (In Persian). DOI: 20.1001.1.2008739.1392.6.4.12.4
Mossedaq F and Smith D. 1994. Timing nitrogen application to enhance spring wheat yields in Mediterranean climate. Agronomy Journal, 86(2): 221-226. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600030002xa
Nath S, Vishwakarma DN and Chauhan MP. 2008. Association study in yield and yield component traits in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) under normal and saline/sodic condition. Agricultural Science Digest, 28: 73–74. https://arccjournals.com/journal/agricultural-science-digest/ARCC2544
Painter K, Young D and Mulla D. 1995. Combining alternative and conventional systems for environmental gains. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 10: 88-96. DOI: 10.1017/S0889189300006214
Predeepa J. 2012. Aerobic rice- the next generation innovation in rice cultivation technology. International Journal of Farm Sciences, 2(2): 54–58. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.206
Ramos ME, Benítez E, García PA and Robles AB. 2010. Cover crops under different managements vs. frequent tillage in almond orchards in semiarid conditions: effects on soil quality. Applied Soil Ecology, 44: 6-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.08.005
Rosa HA, Secco D, Veloso G, Santos RF, Souza SNM, Marins AC and Borosi A, 2012. Effects of the use of cover crops in the structure of an oxisol managed by a no-till farming system in the west of Paraná, Brazilian Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 10: 1278- 1280. DOI: 10.22124/iprj.2022.6015
Saha A, Sarkar RK and Yamagishi Y. 1998. Effect of time of nitrogen application on spikelet differentiation and degeneration of rice. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 39: 119-123. https://ejournal.sinica.edu.tw/bbas/content/1998/2/bot92-07.pdf
Samadani B and Montazeri M. 2009. The use of cover crop in sustainable agriculture. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Press, 186 pp. (In Persian).
Sharifi Zive P, Tobeh A, Gholipouri A, Alebrahim MT and Samedani B. 2023. The Effect of Cover Crops, Tillage and Herbicide on Weed Control, Soil Properties, Yield and Yield Components of corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 33(1): 53-67. (In Persian). DOI: 10.22034/saps.2021.49302.2785
Shashidhar HE. 2007. Aerobic rice-An efficient water management strategy for rice production. P 131–139. In: U. Aswathanarayana (Ed.) Food and Water Security in Developing Countries. CRC Press, Aban 22
Sinclair TR and Horie T. 1989. Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, and crop radiation use efficiency: a review. Crop Science, 29: 90–98. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183X002900010023x
Singh S, Ladha JK, Gupta RK, Bhushan L and Rao A.N. 2008. Weed management in aerobic rice systems under varying establishment methods. Crop Protection, 27: 660–671. DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.09.012
Singh U, Ladha JK, Castillo EG, Punzalan G, Triol-Pardre A, and Duqueza M. 1996. Genotypic. Field Crops Research, 58: 35-53. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00084-7
Snapp SS, Swinton SM, Labarta R, Mutch D, Black JR, Leep R, Nyiraneza J and O’Neil K. 2005. Evaluating cover crops for benefits, costs and performance within cropping system niches. Agronomy Journal, 97: 322-332. DOI: 10.2134/agronj2005.0322a
Stoop W, Uphoff N and Kassam A. 2002. A review of agricultural research issues raised by th System of Rice Intensification (SRI) from Madagascar: Opportunities for improving farming systems resource-poor farmers. Agricultural Systems, 71: 249-274. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00070-1
Tabbal DF, Bouman BAM, Bhuiyan SI, Sibayan EB and Sattar MA. 2002. On-farm strategies for reducing water input in irrigated rice; case studies in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management, 56(2): 93-112. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00007-0
Tabrizi AA, Nour Mohammadi G and Mobasser HR. 2015. Effects of different cropping systems on fertility of paddy soil. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 9(2): 191-202. (In Persian). https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Article/956565
Teimoorian M, Galavi M, Pirdashti H and Nasiri M. 2009. Yield and yield components of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in response to source-sink limitations and different nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Plant Production 16(3): 49-66. (In Persian). DOI: 20.1001.1.23222050.1388.16.3.3.2
Trouwborst G, Hogewoning SW, Harbinson J and Van Ieperen W. 2011. Photosynthetic acclimation in relation to nitrogen allocation in cucumber leaves in response to changes in irradiance. Physiologia Plantarum, 142: 157-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01456.x
Virto I, Imaz MJ, Fernández-Ugalde O, Urrutia I, Enrique A and Bescansa P. 2012. Soil quality evaluation following the implementation of permanent cover crops in semi-arid vineyards.Organic matter, physical and biological soil properties. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10: 1121-1132. DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2012104-613-11
Zhong X, Peng S, Sanico AL and Liu H. 2003. Quantifying the interactive effect of leaf nitrogen and leaf area on tillering of rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26: 1203-1222. DOI: 10.1081/PLN-120020365
Zhou YB, Zhou SY and Tang QY. 2003. Status and prospect of high yielding cultivation researches on China super hybrid rice. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Science), 29: 78-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.07.008
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Volume 34, Issue 2
August 2024
Pages 259-279

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics