Preliminary evaluation of the genotypes of the Matricaria chamomilla L. based on quantitative and qualitative functional traits in Isfahan

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.

2 - Medicinal Plants and By-products Research Division, Research Institutes of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

3 - Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.

4 - Horticulture Crops Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a valuable plant that widely used in the cosmetic, health and pharmaceutical industries. Since the improvement works and obtaining varieties with high quality and quantity are very important in achieving food security, this research was planned as an introduction to introduce the varieties of this plant in Isfahan
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted during 2022-2023 in Fozveh station. The experiment was on the basis of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. On 32 populations of M. chamomilla. Seven populations from Isfahan (cultivated), eight populations from Lorestan (wild), 13 populations from Khuzestan (wild), three populations from Fars (wild), and one population from Khorasan (cultivated) were examined. Plant production was carried out by direct seed sowing in the fall. Due to the plant being an annual and the same planting time, seed sowing was carried out every 2 years on October 17. Each population was sown on lines with 6 m long and the line spacing was 1.5 m. The distance between plants in the row was 15 cm. Due to the small size of the seeds, the seeds were mixed with wind-blown sand before sowing. 5 to 6 seeds were sown in each planting location so that the results were close to those obtained from conventional chamomile cultivation. Drip irrigation and manual weed control were performed. The traits studied included plant height, flower yield, seed yield, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield. Essential oil extraction was performed using water distillation and a Clevenger apparatus, and essential oil compounds were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
 
Results: Considerable variation was observed between populations. Cultivated populations had higher height, flower and seed yield, but wild populations had higher essential oil. The number of days until seed ripening in cultivated populations was higher than in wild populations, which increased plant growth and yield. Positive and significant correlation was observed between flower and seed yield with height and number of days until maturity. Using principal component analysis, the first two components determined 71% of the total variation. Flower yield, seed yield, percentage of essential oil, height, E-β farnesene and α-bisabololoxide yield formed first component. Genotypes were classified into 4 groups. The placement of different populations together showed that geographic diversity follows genetic diversity.
 
Conclusion: Considering the importance of flower yield and essential oil yield in chamomile, using the results of cluster analysis, 18 populations from the initial 32 populations were selected to continue research and complete the breeding process. From the first group, five populations were selected: Isfahan 1, 4, 5, and 6 and Lorestan 1 due to high flower yield. From the second group, six populations were selected: Isfahan 2, Lorestan 3, 4, and 6 and Khuzestan 2 and 5 due to higher essential oil yield. From the third group, eight populations were selected: Isfahan 7, Lorestan 2, 5, 7, and 8 and Khuzestan 3, 6, and 10 due to high flower yield and essential oil yield.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production
Volume 36, Issue 2
2026
Pages 91-106

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