تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و مقدار بذر و سطوح مختلف کود بر عملکرد و اجزا عملکرد کاملینا (Camelina sativa) در شرایط دیم استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آگروتکنولوژی/ اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی،

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 استادیار، بخش دانه های روغنی معاونت مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سرارود ، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22034/saps.2025.65844.3342

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: گیاه کاملینا توانایی رشد در اقلیم‏ها و خاک‏های مختلف را دارد و نسبت به سایر دانه­های روغنی به کود دهی کمتری نیاز دارد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت و مقدار بذر و سطوح مختلف کودهای شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه دانه روغنی کاملینا رقم سهیل اجرا شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی در سال زراعی 98-1397 اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل چهار تاریخ کاشت (5 مهر، 23 مهر، 11 آبان و 29 اسفندماه)، سطوح مختلف از مخلوط کودهای (NPK) به نسبت‌های نیتروژن 18 درصد، فسفر 54 درصد و پتاسیم 27 درصد در چهار سطح شاهد (بدون کود)، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار که هنگام کاشت به زمین اضافه شدند و فاکتور سوم نیز سه سطح مقدار بذر (4، 8 و 12 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند.
 
یافته­ها: اثر تیمارهای آزمایشی بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، خورجین، دانه در خورجین، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد، معنی‌دار بود. عملکرد به طور قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر تاریخ کاشت قرار گرفت و تاریخ 23 مهرماه به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین زمان کشت شناسایی شد. با افزایش مقدار بذر تا 12 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کوددهی تا 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار، روند افزایشی معنی‌داری در کلیه اجزای عملکرد مشاهده شد.
 
نتیجه­گیری: یافته‌های تحقیق تأکید می‌کنند که انتخاب دقیق زمان کاشت و مدیریت نهاده‌ها می‌تواند به شکل قابل توجهی بازدهی کاملینا را در کشت دیم در اقلیم نیمه مرطوب سرد کرمانشاه افزایش دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Planting Date, Seed Rate, and Different Fertilizer Levels on Yield and Yield Components of Camelina (Camelina sativa) Under Rainfed Conditions in Kermanshah Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arash Rahimi 1
  • hamidreza chaghazardi 2
  • Daniel Kahrizi 3
  • Hossein Rostami-Ahmadvandi 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Agrotechnology- Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background & Objectives: Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop with the potential to grow in various climates and soil types, and it requires relatively low fertilizer compared to other oilseed species. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of planting date, seed rate, and different levels of chemical fertilizers on the yield and yield components of Camelina under rainfed conditions.
 
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, in 2023. Experimental factors included four planting dates (September 27, October 15, November 2, and March 19), four levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha) with a composition of 18% nitrogen, 54% phosphorus, and 27% potassium applied at sowing, and three seed rates (4, 8, and 12 kg/ha).
 
Results: Results: Treatments had statistically significant effects on plant traits such as plant height, number of secondary branches, number of siliques per plant, number of seeds per silique, 1000-seed weight, and final grain yield. Grain yield was significantly influenced by sowing date, with October 15 being identified as the most suitable date under the local climatic conditions. Increasing the seed rate up to 12 kg/ha and fertilizer application up to 150 kg/ha significantly improved all yield components.
 
Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of optimized sowing date and input management in enhancing Camelina productivity under rainfed conditions in the semi-humid, cold climate of Kermanshah province.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fertilization
  • Oilseeds
  • Pods
  • Seeds
  • Seed Yield
  • Thousand-Seed Weight

مراجع

Abbasi MK., Tahir MM, Azam W, Abbas Z, and Rahim N. 2012. Soybean yield and chemical composition in response to phosphorus–potassium nutrition in Kashmir. Agronomy Journal, 104 (5): 1476-1484. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0379
Afshar RK, Mohammed YA and Chen C. 2016. Enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizer effect on camelina production under conventional and conservation tillage practices. Industrial Crops and Products, 94: 783-789. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.043
Ahmed Z. 2016. Characterization and evaluation of camelina (Camelina sativa crantz L.) as a potential oilseed crop under water limited environment, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789//7755
Amiri Darban N, Nourmohammadi G, Rad AHS, Mirhadi SMJ and Heravan IM. 2020. Potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate affect quality and quantity of camelina oil grown with different irrigation regimes. Industrial Crops and Products, 148: 112308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112308
Amiri Darban N, Nourmohammadi G, Shirani Rad AH, Mirhadi SMJ and Majidi Heravan I. 2021. Evaluation of the response of physiological and seed and oil yields of camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) to the application of ammonium and potassium sulfates under late-season drought stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 52 (4): 87-99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22059/ijfcs.2020.308214.654746
Berti M, Wilckens R, Fischer S, Solis A and Johnson B. 2011. Seeding date influence on camelina seed yield, yield components, and oil content in Chile. Industrial Crops and Products, 34 (2): 1358-1365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.12.008
Bronson KF, Hunsaker DJ and Thorp KR. 2019. Nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation effects on seed yield and oil in camelina. Agronomy Journal, 111 (4): 1712-1719. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.10.0644
Cakmak I. 2005. The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168 (4): 521-530. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200420485
Czarnik M, Jarecki W and Bobrecka Jamro D. 2017. The effects of varied plant density and nitrogen fertilization on quantity and quality yield of Camelina sativa L. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 29 (12): 988-993. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2017.v29.i12.1569
Doori S, Telavat M, Siadat S and Bakhshandeh A. 2016. Effect of nitrogen foliar application on canola yield (Brassica napus L.) and nitrogen efficiency across different sowing dates. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 14 (3): 484-493.
El-Ghafour AESA, Ahmed SEL, Saber FH and Omnia GH. 2021. Response of Camelina sativa oil to different levels of NPK and compost fertilizers. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22 (7): 260-270. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/139162
Estefan G. 2013. Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis: a manual for the West Asia and North Africa region. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). https://doi.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-9056
Farahani S, Majidi Heravan E, Shirani Rad AH and Noormohammadi G. 2019. Effect of potassium sulfate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of canola cultivars upon late-season drought stress conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42 (13): 1543-1555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1628987
Flagella Z, Rotunno T, Tarantino E, Di Caterina R and De Caro A. 2002. Changes in seed yield and oil fatty acid composition of high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in relation to the sowing date and the water regime. European Journal of Agronomy, 17 (3): 221-230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00012-6
Gharechaei N, Paknejad F, Rad HS, Tohidloo G and Jabbari H. 2019. Study of late season drought stress and planting date on some agronomic traits of advanced winter canola genotypes. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 12 (1): 181-195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2018.1208.1247
Hasani Balyani M, Tadayon M and Fadaei Tehrani A. 2020. Evaluation of some growth and yield traits of Camelina sativa L. under the influence of biological and chemical fertilizers. Isfahan University of Technology-Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 10 (1): 39-51.
Iqbal MA. 2014. Improving the growth and yield of Canola (Brassica napus L.) with seed treatment and foliar sprays of Brassica (Brassica naups L.) and moringa (Moringa olifera L.) leaf extracts. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 14 (10): 1067-1073.
Jankowski KJ, Sokolski M and Kordan B. 2019. Camelina: Yield and quality response to nitrogen and sulfur fertilization in Poland. Industrial Crops and Products, 141: 111776. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111776
Jiang Y and Caldwell CD. 2016. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on camelina seed yield, yield components, and downy mildew infection. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 96 (1): 17-26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2014-0348
Jiang Y, Caldwell CD, Falk KC, Lada RR and MacDonald D. 2013. Camelina yield and quality response to combined nitrogen and sulfur. Agronomy Journal, 105 (6): 1847-1852. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0240
Joshi SK, Ahamada S, Meher LC, Agarwal A and Nasim M. 2017. Growth and yield response of camelina sativa to inorganic fertilizers and farmyard manure in hot semi-arid climate of India. Advances in Plants and Agriculture Research, 7 (3): 305-309.
Karčauskienė D, Sendžikienė E, Makarevičienė V, Zaleckas E, Repšienė R and Ambrazaitienė D. 2014. False flax (Camelina sativa L.) as an alternative source for biodiesel production. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 101 (2): 161-168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2014.101.021
Karunakaran V, Rammohan J, Chellamuthu V and Poonghuzhalan R. 2010. Effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in coastal region of Karaikal. Indian journal of Agronomy, 55 (2): 128-132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v55i2.4729
Kiani S, Siadat SA, Telavat MM and Poshtdar A. 2018. Morphological response, grain yield and essential oil of three fennel ecotypes to different times of planting. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 16 (3): 641-650. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v16i3.69515
Kiefer M, Schmickl R, German DA, Mandáková T, Lysak MA, Al-Shehbaz IA, Franzke A, Mummenhoff K, Stamatakis A and Koch MA. 2014. BrassiBase: introduction to a novel knowledge database on Brassicaceae evolution. Plant and Cell Physiology, 55 (1): e3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct158
Končius D and Karčauskienė D. 2010. The effect of nitrogen fertilisers, sowing time and seed rate on the productivity of Camelina sativa. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 97 (4): 37-46.
Leclère M, Lorent AR, Jeuffroy MH, Butier A, Chatain C and Loyce C. 2021. Diagnosis of camelina seed yield and quality across an on-farm experimental network. European Journal of Agronomy, 122: 126190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2020.126190
Li Y, Vail SL, Arcand MM and Helgason BL. 2023. Contrasting nitrogen fertilization and Brassica napus (canola) variety development impact recruitment of the root-associated microbiome. Phytobiomes Journal, 7 (1): 125-137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-07-22-0045-R
Malhi S, Johnson E, Hall L, May W, Phelps S and Nybo B. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, and seed quality of Camelina sativa. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 94 (1): 35-47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-086
Mazaheri D and Majnoon Hosseini N. 2005. Fundamentals of General Agriculture. Tehran University Press.
McVay K and Lamb P. 2008. Camelina production in Montana Montana State University.
Mohagheghi A and Aboutalebian MA. 2014. Study of Sowing Date and Seed Priming Effect on Seed Yield, Its Components and Some of Agronomic and Qualitative Properties of Two Spring Canola Cultivars in Hamedan. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12 (3): 516-525. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v12i3.24226
Molina R, Valero M, Navarro Y, Guardiola J and Garcia-Luis A. 2005. Temperature effects on flower formation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Scientia horticulturae, 103 (3): 361-379. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.06.005
Qamarnia H, Kahrizi D and Ahmadvandi HR. 2019. Camelina: A Low-Risk and Adaptable Plant. Razi University.
Rasool FU, Hasan B, Aalum I and Ganie S. 2013. Effect of nitrogen, sulphur and farmyard manure on growth dynamics and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under temperate conditions. Scientific Research and Essays, 8 (43): 2144-2147. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/SRE2013.5618
Ren T, Lu J, Li H, Zou J, Xu H, Liu X and Li X. 2013. Potassium‐fertilizer management in winter oilseed‐rape production in China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 176 (3): 429-440. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201200257
Safara N, Telavt M, Siadat S, Koochekzadeh A and Mousavi S. 2016. Effect of sowing date and sulfur on yield, oil content and grain nitrogen of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in autumn cultivation. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 14 (3): 438-448.
Salvagiotti F, Cassman KG, Specht JE, Walters DT, Weiss A and Dobermann A. 2008. Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review. Field Crops Research, 108 (1): 1-13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.03.001
Salve Y and Gunjal B. 2011. Effect of different levels of phosphorus and potassium on summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7 (2): 352-355. http://www.hindagrihorticulturalsociety.co.in/
Sawan ZM., Hafezb SA, Basyony AE and Abou-El-Ela RA. 2007. Cottonseed: protein, oil yields, and oil properties as influenced by potassium fertilization and foliar application of zinc and phosphorus. Grasas y Aceites, 58 (1): 40-48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2007.v58.i1.7
Shirani Rad A, Abbasian A and Aminpanah H. 2013. Evaluation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars for resistance against water deficit stress. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 19 (2): 266-273.
Solis A, Vidal I, Paulino L, Johnson BL and Berti MT. 2013. Camelina seed yield response to nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus fertilizer in South Central Chile. Industrial Crops and Products, 44: 132-138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.11.005
Urbaniak S, Caldwell C, Zheljazkov V, Lada R and Luan L. 2008. The effect of cultivar and applied nitrogen on the performance of Camelina sativa L. in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 88 (1): 111-119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4141/CJPS07115
Walia MK, Wells MS, Cubins J, Wyse D, Gardner RD, Forcella F and Gesch R. 2018. Winter camelina seed yield and quality responses to harvest time. Industrial Crops and Products, 124: 765-775. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.025
Wang J, Li H, Huang X, Hu W, Wang S and Zhou Z. 2023. Phosphorus application affected cottonseed kernel yield and nutritional quality by improving oil yield and quality of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars differing in phosphorus sensitivity. Field Crops Research, 291: 108778. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108778
Wen G, Ma BL, Luce MS, Liu K, Mooleki PS, Crittenden S, Gulden R, Semach G, Tiege P and Lokuruge P. 2023. Optimizing nitrogen fertilization for hybrid canola (Brassica napus L.) production across Canada. Field Crops Research, 302: 109048. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109048
Yousaf M, Li X, Zhang Z, Ren T, Cong R, Ata-Ul-Karim ST, Fahad S, Shah AN and Lu Ji. 2016. Nitrogen fertilizer management for enhancing crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in a rice-iilseed rape rotation system in China. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 1496. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01496
Zarei S, Hassibi P, Kahrizi D and Safieddin Ardebili SM. 2021. Effect of nitrogen application on camelina‎ (Camelina sativa)‎‏ ‏oil seed yield and yield components at different planting dates. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 19 (4): 311-325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2021.37179.0
Zubr J. 2003. Dietary fatty acids and amino acids of Camelina sativa seed. Journal of Food Quality, 26 (6): 451-462. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2003.tb00260.x
 
 
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 37، شماره 3
مهر 1406
صفحه 57-75

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار