The Effect of Zeolite and Wood Vinegar on Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) under Water-Deficient Conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Scientific member of Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University

3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Iran

10.22034/saps.2024.60905.3196

Abstract

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Considering the critical challenges in food security, environmental quality improvement, and societal well-being, this research aimed to investigate the impact of zeolite and wood vinegar on the physiological traits, biochemical characteristics, and yield of quinoa under water deficit conditions, aiming to enhance sustainable nutrition for the population as a vital challenge in food security, environmental quality improvement, and community welfare enhancement.
 
Materials and Methods: Four irrigation levels (optimal irrigation, mild water deficit, moderate water deficit, severe water deficit) were considered as main plots, two levels of zeolite (zero and eight tons per hectare) and four levels of wood vinegar (zero, 5000, 10000, and 15000 ppm) were considered as sub-plots in a split-plot factorial design within a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using the General Linear Model (GLM) method. LSD (Least Significant Difference) test at the 0.05 level was used to compare the main effects. Mean separation for interaction effects was performed using the LSD test at the 5% level based on the slicing method. Finally, data were analyzed using SAS software version 9.4.
 Results: Based on the results of this research, water deficit stress, application of zeolite, and foliar application of wood vinegar significantly affected physiological and biochemical traits of quinoa plants. Generally, water deficit stress conditions led to a significant reduction in fresh and dry weight of aerial parts of the plants. Seed yield and photosynthetic indices (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) notably decreased during water deficit stress, while water deficit increased the anthocyanin and flavonoid contents in the leaves. The highest seed yield of 1396 kilograms per hectare was achieved under optimal irrigation + zeolite application + no wood vinegar application, showing a 36.67% increase compared to the control treatment.
 
Conclusion: The application of zeolite and foliar spray of wood vinegar can be considered as an effective strategy to enhance plant resistance to water deficit stress. Under optimal irrigation, mild water deficit, and moderate water deficit conditions, the use of zeolite and foliar spray of 15000 ppm wood vinegar showed the highest yield and is recommended as the best treatment. However, under severe water deficit conditions, it is recommended not to apply zeolite, and a foliar spray of 10000 ppm wood vinegar is suggested. This approach aims to optimize the use of these amendments based on the severity of water deficit stress, ensuring better adaptation and productivity of quinoa plants.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production
Volume 35, Issue 3
2025
Pages 151-172

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