Effect of planting date on phenological and morphological traits of different varieties of black cumin

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

10.22034/saps.2024.63123.3271

Abstract

Background & Objectives: Black cumin is a medicinal and widely used plant worldwide and possesses considerable economic value. Previous studies have indicated that delayed sowing negatively affects the growth and yield of this plant; therefore, determining the optimal sowing time in each region is crucial for improving both the quantitative and qualitative traits of the crop. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of planting date on some phenology and morphological traits of different black cumin varieties.
 
Materials and Methods: This experiment is carried out in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Goldstein Province in the crop year 2022-2023 in a factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design in four replications. Treatments included three planting dates (6 November, 6 December, and 5 January) and three populations (Iranian, Indian, and Syrian). In this research, several traits were evaluated, including the number of days to emergence, the number of days from two- to four‑leaf stage, the number of days to budding, the number of days to flowering, the number of days to physiological maturity, the number of days to full maturity, plant height, lateral branch distance, number of capsules per branch, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule weight, and seed yield per plant.
 
Results: The results showed that the varieties were significantly different in terms of the number of days to blooming, number of days to flowering, number of days to physiological, number of days to ripening, plant height, distance of lateral branches from the ground, number of capsules per branch, capsule weight, and seed yield. The highest plant height (104.33 cm), Height of the lowest branch (45.72 cm), and maximum number of seeds per capsule (99.34) were recorded in the Iranian variety, and the lowest growth period length (178.50 days) and maximum seed yield per plant (5.52 g) were recorded for the Indian variety. Also, the sowing date affected all phenology and morphological traits except capsule weight at a probability level of 1%, so that the highest number of seeds per capsule and maximum seed yield per plant were observed on the sowing date of November.
 
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that with a delay in planting, the phenological and morphological characteristics of the plant decreased, so that the minimum and maximum average of the studied traits were obtained from the date of planting on 6 January and 6 December, respectively.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abdolrahimi B, Mehdikhani P and Hassanzadeh Gort Tappe A. 2012. The effect of harvest index, yield and yield component of three varieties of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in different planting densities. International Journal of AgriScience, 2(1): 93-101.
Ahmad Z, Hussain S, Iqbal MS, Irfan M, Rehman N, Jamal A, Qayyum A and Ghafoor A. 2009. Collection and characterization of germplasm of some underutilized plant species in Pakistan. New Crops and Uses, 219-233.
Al-Zubaidy AMA, Ghafoor BS and Rasul AA. 2020. The performance of two species of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and (Nigella arvensis L.) under different sowing dates in spring and autumn at hallabja governorate /iraqi kurdistan region. Ibn Al Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science, 33(3): 1-10. Doi: 10.30526/33.3.2465
Amirmoradi Sh and Rezvani Moghadam P. 2011. Effect of plant density and time of nitrogen application on morphological, phenological characteristics, yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 25(3): 251-260.
Barut M, Cavdar AS, Tansı LS and Karaman Ş. 2023. Yield and quality traits of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) genotypes in response to the different sowing dates. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 11(12): 2276-2287. Doi:10.24925/turjaf. v11i12.2276-2287.6159
Baydar H. 2013. Medical, aromatic and delightful plants science and technology. Suleyman Demirel University, Publication No: 51, Isparta, Turkey.
Can M, Katar D, Katar N, Bagci M and Subasi I. 2021. Yield and fatty acid composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa l.) populations collected from regions under different ecological conditions. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 19(2): 1325-1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1902_13251336.
Dwi Cahyo S, Kurniawati A, Faridah DN and Ghulamahdi M. 2020. Growth, production and bioactive content of several black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) accessions with different harvesting times in a d3 type climate regime. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 7(3): 110-118.
El–Mekawy MAM. 2012. Growth and yield of Nigella sativa L. plant influenced by sowing date and irrigation treatments. American–Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 12: 499–505
Ertaş ME. 2016. Determination of agronomic and quality traits of black cumin genotypes (Nigella sp.) growing winter and summer planted in Tokat kazova conditions. M.Sc. Thesis, Gaziosmanpaşa University Natural and Applied Sciences, 49p. Tokat (in Turkish)
Fahim AHF, Naher S, Wadud MA and Sarker MB. 2017. Response of black cumin to different seed rate and sowing method. International Journal of Agricultural Papers, 2: 1–6.
Ganjali H and Yadegari M. 2008. Evaluation yield components and essence of Nigella Sativa with different time of cultivation and density. Proceedings of 5th International Crop Science Congress held at Jeju, Korea April, 13-18: 11-13
Ghamarnia H, Khosravy H and Sepehri S. 2012. Yield and water use efficiency of (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation treatments in semi-arid region in the west of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(16): 1612-1616
Ghamarnia H, Miri E and Ghobadei M. 2013. Determination of water requirement, single and dual crop coeffjcients of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in a semi-arid climate. Irrigation Science, 32: 67-76.
Giridhar K, Reddy GS, Kumari SS, Kumari AL and Sivasankar A. 2017. Influence of sowing window and plant density on growth, phenology, yield and quality of Nigella sativa L. in coastal humid tropic. International Journal Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(9): 499-512. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.060
Ghorbanzadeh Neghab M and Zare Mehrjerdi M. 2018. The study of genetic diversity, correlation between traits and path analysis in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) ecotypes. Journal of Plant Production Research. 25(3): 1-12.
Golparvar AR, Hadipanah A and Salehi S. 2014. Investigation of seed yield and oil quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) ecotypes cultivated in isfahan province. Electronic Journal of Biology, 10(1): 7-13.
Guha S, Sharangi AB and Debnath S. 2014. Phenology and green leaf yield of coriander at different sowing dates and harvesting times. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 12 (3&4): 251-254.
Gullu EB and Avci G. 2013. Thymoquinone, The bioactive component of Nigella sativa. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 6(1): 51-61.
Hannan MA, Rahman MA, Sohag AAM, Uddin MJ, Dash R, Sikder MH, Rahman MS, Timalsina B, Munni YA and Sarker PP. 2021. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.): A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, health benefits, molecular pharmacology, and safety. Nutrients, 13: 1-60. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061784
Haq MZ, Hossain MM, Haque MM, Das MR and Huda MS. 2015. Blossoming characteristics in black cumin genotypes in relation seed yield influenced by sowing time. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6: 1167-1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.68121
Hejazi S, Mirhadi M, Nourmohammadi Gh and Dehghanzadeh H. 2013. The Effect of planting date, organic and nitrogen manures on morphological traits and chlorogenic acid of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4 (1): 45-49.
Horvat D, Vukobravić M, Karalić K and Židovec V.2017. Influence of sowing period and fertilization on yield and quality of seeds of Nigella damascene and Nigella sativa. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum series Agricultura, 16(1): 35–43.
Hosseinia SS, Nadjafia F, Asarehb MH and Rezadoost H. 2018. Morphological and yield related traits, essential oil and oil production of different landraces of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae, 233: 1-8.
Hussain A, Anjum F, Rab A and Sajid M. 2006. Effects of nitrogen on the growth and yield of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 2: 41-47.
Hussain A, Nadeem A, Ashraf I and Awan M. 2009. Effect of weed competion periods on the growth and yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 15(1): 71-81.
Jagtap PK, Sandipan PB, Patel KM and Patel MC. 2014. Effect of sowing date on yield potential of niger crop in rainfed condition. Plant Archives, 14(2): 995-997.
Javadi H. 2009. Effect of planting dates and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella Sativa L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 6(1): 59-66.
Javadi Hedayat Abad F. 2012. Response of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) ecotypes to planting dates under Mashhad conditions. MSc thesis of Faculty of Agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 106 Pp (In Persian with English Abstract).
Kaleem S, Hassan FU, Mahmood I, Ahmad M, Ullah R and Ahmad M. 2011. Response of sunflower to environmental disparity. Nature and Science, 9: 73-81.
Kant V, Meena S, Meena N and Lal G. 2018. Influence of different dates of sowing, fertilizer level and weedicides on growth and yield of nigella (Nigella sativa L.) under semi-arid conditions. International Journal Current Microbiology Applied Science, 7: 1156–1167.
Kara N, Katar D and Baydar, H. 2015. Yield and quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) populations: the effect of ecological conditions. Field Crops, 20(1): 9-14. DOI: 10.17557/.23190
Katar D and Katar N. 2017. Effect of sowing rates in different row spacing on the yield and yield components of false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz). Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 34(1): 76-85.
Kayaçetin F. 2020. Effect of different spring sowing dates on phenology, growth and yield performance of Turkish Brassica nigra in Ankara/Turkey. International Journal of Anatolia Agricultural Engineering, (3): 9-15.
Khichar ML and Niwas R. 2006. Microclimatic profiles under different sowing environments in wheat. Journal of Agrometeorology, 8: 201–209.
Kılıç C and Arabacı O. 2016. The effect of different sowing times and seed rate on the yield and quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Adnan Menderes University Agricultural Faculty, 13(2): 49 – 56. (in Turkish with an abstract in English)
Kiran MR, Naruka IS, Nayma S and Bepari AR. 2019. Effect of sowing time and plant geometry on growth, yield and quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(5): 1915-1921. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.805.221
Koşar İ and Özel A. 2018. Characterization on variety and populations of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.): I. Agricultural properties. Harran Tarim ve Gida Bilimleri Derg, 22 (4): 533-543. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.399540
Krishnan PTA, Singh D, Singh V and Bahadur V. 2022. Arietal evaluation of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 12(11): 1603-1609. DOI: 10.9734/IJECC/2022/v12i1131142
Mahmood T, Idress M, Aslam M, Rehman HS, Akram HM, Sattar A, Abbas S and Ferdosi MFH. 2012. Growth and yield attributes of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) as affected by sowing dates and methods. Mycopathology, 10: 83–86.
Mehmood A, Naveed K, Azeem K, Khan A, Ali N and Khan SM. 2018. Sowing time and nitrogen application methods impact on production traits of Kalonji (Nigella sativa L.). Pure and Applied Biology, 7(2): 476-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.70060
Mohebodini M, Mehri N and Fathi R. 2018. Evaluation of genotype and environment effects on agro-morphological traits in black cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) ecotypes. Journal of Crop Breeding, 11(30): 108-117. doi.org/10.29252/jcb.11.30.108.
Mollafilabi A, Moodi H, Rashed MH and Kafi M. 2009. Effect of plant density and nitrogen on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). In Proceedings: International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants-SIPAM held at Djerba, Tunisia. Institute des Regions Arides, Tunisia, pp: 115-126
Moosavi SG. 2014. Fennel Morphological traits and yield as affected by sowing date and plant density. Advance in Agriculture and Biology, 2: 45-49
Moosavi SG, Seghatoleslami MJ and Moazeni A. 2012. Effect of Planting Date and Plant Density on Morphological Traits, LAI and Forage Corn (Sc. 370) Yield in Second Cultivation. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3: 57-63
Morteza E, Akbari GA, Foughi B and Abdoli M. 2010. Effect of planting date and density on root growth characteristics and essential oil yiels of valerian. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 2(2): 91-99.
Ozyazici G. 2020. Yield and quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) according to leonardite and nitrogen doses. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18: 7057-7075. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1805_70577075
Padhye S, Banerjee S, Ahmad A, Mohammad R and Sarkar FH. 2008. From here to eternity-the secret of pharaohs: Therapeutic potential of black cumin seeds and beyond. Cancer Therapy, 6(b): 495-510.
Rahnavard A, Sadeghi S and Ashrafi ZY. 2010. Study of sowing date and plant density effect on black cumin (Cuminum curvi) Yield in Iran. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 3: 23-27
Rezvani Moghaddam P and Motlagh MA. 2007. Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of black cumin in Ghaenat city condition. Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi in Natural Resources, 76: 62-68. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Saddam A, Adel H, Abdel-Ghani A and Haditha A. 2012. Effect of Planting Date and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Under Irrigated Conditions. Journal Biology Science, 15: 1126-1132
Sadeghi S, Rahnavard A and Ashrafi ZY. 2009. Study importance of sowing date and plant density effect on black cumin (Cuminum carvi) yield. Botany Research International, 2: 94–98.
Saeidnejad AH, Kafi M, Pessarakli M. 2012. Evaluation of Cardinal Temperatures and Germination Responses of Four Ecotypes of Bunium persicum under Different Thermal Conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4: 1266-1271
Safaei Z. 2014. The research on the effect of sowing data, organic fertilizers and anti-transpirants compounds, irrigation intervals on quality and quantitative characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). MSc thesis of Faculty of Agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 137 Pp (In Persian with English Abstract).
Safaei Z, Azizi M, Davarynejad G and Aroiee H. 2017. The Effect of Planting Seasons on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 1: 27-33.
Salamati MS and Zeinali H. 2013. Evaluation of genetic diversity of some (Nigella sativa L.) genotypes using agro-morphological characteristics. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29(1): 201-214.
Sardooyi AM, Shirzadi MH and Naghavi H. 2011. Effect of Planting Date and Plant Density on Yield and Yield Components of Green Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 9: 733-777
Sharangi AB and Roychowdhury A. 2014. Phenology and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) at different sowing dates. Journal of Plant Science, 9(2): 33-42. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2022/v14i830517.
Shesuleiman M, Mengistu H and Jaleta A. 2021. Effects of Seeding Rate and Variety on Growth and Yield of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) at Burusa, Southwestern Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Biology, 6(4): 78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20210604.11
Soleimani B, Khosh-Khui M and Ramezani S. 2011. Planting Date Effects on Growth, Seed Yield, Essential Oil Content and Chemical Composition of Ajowan. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 5 (3): 7-11.
Subedi KD, Ma BL and Xue AG. 2007. Planting date ande nitrogen effects on grain yield and protein content of spring wheat. Crop Science, 47: 36-44.
Thilakarathna RCN, Madhusankha GDMP and Navaratne SB. 2018. Morphological characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. Chemistry Research Journal, 3(3): 40-45.
Vaseghi A and Davazdahemami S. 2016. Evaluation of agronomical, phonological and quality characters of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) as a new oil plant in different sowing date in Isfahan region. Journal of Oil Plants Production, 2(2): 77-92. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Vaseghi A, Ghanbari A, Heydari M and Davazdahemami S. 2014. Effect of Sowing Date and Growing Season on Agronomical Characters of Isfahanian and Indian Black Cumin. Journal of grope echophysiology, 7(4): 373-392. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Waliullah MD, Hossain M and Rahman H. 2021. Influence of Sowing Dates and Sowing Methods on Growth and Seed Yield of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 8(2): 124-134. 10.29244/jtcs.8.02.124-133.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production
Volume 36, Issue 1
2026
Pages 211-225

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics