ارزیابی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک بادام زمینی به رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و کاربرد برگی سالیسیلیک اسید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: مطالعه حاضر، به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد دانه، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت و تجمع اسمولیت‌ها در برگ بادام زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.) تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و سالیسیلیک اسید انجام گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش، در طی سال‌های زراعی 1398 و 1399 به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه آزمایشی مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح رژیم آبیاری: عدم انجام آبیاری، آبیاری در مرحله گل‌دهی، آبیاری در مرحله نمو غلاف‌ها، آبیاری آبیاری در مرحله گل‌دهی + مرحله نمو غلاف‌ها و سه سطح سالیسیلیک اسید شامل 100، 200 و 300 میکرومول در لیتر به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و فرعی بود.
یافته‌ها: کم‌آبیاری سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه، شاخص کلروفیل برگ و محتوای نسبی آب برگ‌ در بادام زمینی گردید. ولی، میزان برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی نظیر پرولین، کاتالاز، سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، پراکسیداز، محتوای قندهای محلول در برگ‌ها، محتوای پروتئین محلول و محتوای آنتوسیانین‌ برگ در واکنش به کم‌آبیاری افزایش پیدا کرد. سالیسیلیک اسید سبب بهبودی تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده بادام زمینی در سطوح مختلف آبیاری گردید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه بادام زمینی (3450 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در پاسخ به انجام آبیاری تکمیلی در هر دو مرحله‌ شروع گل‌دهی + تشکیل غلاف‌ها همراه با کاربرد 300 میکرومول سالیسیلیک اسید در لیتر به دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج این مطالعه، آبیاری تکمیلی و کاربرد برگی سالیسیلیک اسید می‌تواند در راستای افزایش مقاومت گیاهان در برابر تنش خشکی و بهبود عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط اقلیمی مشابه قابل توصیه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of physiological responses of peanut to different irrigation regimes and foliar application of Salicylic acid

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrab Mehri Chavadeh 1
  • Hamid Reza Zakerin 2
  • marefat mostafavi rad 3
  • Saeed Sayfzadeh 4
  • Sayed Alireza Valadabadi 2
1 Ph. D. Student, Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective:In order to evaluate of grain yield, anti-oxidante enzymes activitie and osmolytes accumulation in leaves of peanut as affected by different irrigation levels and Salicylic acid, the present study was done.
Materials and Methods: This experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Astara, Iran, during 2018 and 2019 years. Four level of irrigation regimes including no irrigation (as control), irrigation at initial flowering stage, irrigation at pod formation stage and irrigation at initial flowering + pod formation stages and three levels of salicylic acid such as 100, 200 and 300 µmol/l comprised experimental treatments, as main and sub plot, respectively.
Results: Deficit irrigation decreased grain yield, chlorophyll index (SPAD) and leaf relative water content in peanut. Prolne, catalaz, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and leaf anthocyanin content enhanced in responses to deficit irrigation. In addition, foliar application of salicylic acid caused to improve all measured traits in peanut at different irrigation levels. The greatest grain yield of peanut (3450 kg/ha) was obtained in response to supplementary irrigation at both initial flowering stage + pod formation stage along with salicylic application at the rate of 300 µmol/l.
Conclusion: Based on results of this study, supplementary irrigation and foliar application of salicylic acid could be recommendable in direction to increase plant resistance to drought stress and grain yield improvement in peanut .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anti-oxidant enzymes, Drought stress, Peanut, Plant growth regulator
  • Osmolytes
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