The investigation of the effect of summer green manure cover crops on wheat yield and some soil physical and chemical characteristics in wheat crop sequence

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student urmia university

2 Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia.

3 Assistant Professor in Agronomist of Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran,

4 4. Professor of soil science, Soil and Water Research Institute, karaj,

10.22034/saps.2024.60044.3164

Abstract

Background and Objective: The goals of study were to recognize the effects of summer cover crops on wheat yield and some physical and chemical properties of soil in wheat crop sequence.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications over two years at the Karaj SPCRI. The experimental treatments included 16 cover crops, which were used as green manure after wheat cultivation during two cropping seasons (2019-2022).
Results: The biomass of cover crops showed significant differences. Sudan grass and cowpea had the highest biomass, while barley and rye had the lowest. No significant differences in wheat grain yield were observed among different treatments over the two years. However, the composite analysis revealed a 21% increase in wheat yield in the second year compared to the first year. Soil organic carbon content increased by 0.35% over the two years. Mung bean and cowpea had the highest increase in soil organic matter and the highest effect on C/N ratio, respectively. Safflower had the greatest effect on increasing the amount of absorbable phosphorus in the soil, and clover and mung bean had the greatest effect on increasing amount of absorbable potassium in the soil.
Conclusion: Cover crops have different effects on various soil components. The consecutive use of cover crops as green manure increased yield over two years. High biomass production alone cannot be the sole criterion for selecting cover crops as green manure; attention should be paid to their effects on soil properties,

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 20 April 2025

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