اثر بقایای کشت خالص و ترکیبی گیاهان پوششی ماشک گل خوشه‌ای (Vicia villosa Roth) و شبدر ایرانی Trifolium resupinatum L.)) بر عملکرد گوجه‌فرنگی (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) ) و کنترل علف‌های هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کزمانشاه

4 گروه ژنتیک و تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی

10.22034/saps.2023.52217.2892

چکیده

روش‌های مختلفی برای کنترل علف‌های هرز در مزرعه گوجه‌فرنگی وجود دارد. در این میان استفاده از علف‌‌کش‌ها بسیار متداول است. اما به علت بروز مشکلات زیست محیطی، پرهزینه بودن،‌ ایجاد مقاومت در علف‌های هرز و‌ تهدید سلامت انسان و محیط زیست، استفاده از آن‌ها با شک و تردید مواجه شده است. استفاده از گیاهان پوششی را می‌توان جایگزین مناسبی برای خاک ورزی‌های بی‌رویه و استفاده از علف‌کش‌ها دانست.
این پژوهش در سال 1399-1400 و در مزرعه‌ی تحقیقاتی دانشگاه رازی اجرا شد. هدف این مطالعه، ارزیابی تأثیر گیاهان پوششی ماشک گل خوشه‌ای و شبدر ایرانی به صورت کشت خالص و ترکیبی بر عملکرد و کنترل علف‌های هرز مزرعه گوجه‌فرنگی بود.
تیمار بقایای 50% ماشک + 50% شبدر و بقایای 100% شبدر در کنترل علف‌ها‌ی هرز و نیزعملکرد گوجه‌فرنگی نسبت به شاهد و سایر تیمار‌ها بهتر بودند. در تیمار شاهد ‌کمترین عملکرد گوجه‌فرنگی و کنترل علف‌ها‌ی‌هرز مشاهده شد. عملکرد در تیمارهای 50% ماشک + 50% شبدر و بقایای 100% شبدر به ترتیب، 25/67 و 51/66 تن در هکتار بود، در حالی که عملکرد در تیمار شاهد 43/14 تن در هکتار مشاهده گردید. تراکم علف‌های هرز در تیمارهای 50% ماشک + 50% شبدر و بقایای 100% شبدر به‌ترتیب 9 و 8 بوته در متر مربع و در تیمار شاهد 30 بوته در متر مربع بود.
ه‌طور کلی استفاده از گیاهان پوششی و بقایای آن‌ها در مزرعه می‌تواند روش زیست محیطی و اقتصادی مناسبی در جهت کنترل علف‌های هرز و کم کردن استفاده از مواد شیمیایی در مزرعه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Pure and Combined Culture Residues of Cover Crops Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and Persian Clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) on Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) Yield and Weed Control

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Salimi 1
  • Pardis Boroomandan 2
  • Iraj Nosratti 3
  • Masoomeh Amerian 4
1 , Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Science and Agriculture Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Science and Agriculture Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Iran.
چکیده [English]

There are several ways to control weeds in a tomato field.The use of cover crops can be considered a good alternative to unprincipled tillage and the use of herbicides.
This research was conducted in the years 2020-2021 in the research farm of Razi University. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover plants of cluster flower vetch and Iranian clover as pure and combinatorial cultivation on yield and weed control of tomato field.
Treatment of 50% vetch residues + 50% clover residues and 100% clover residues were better in control of weeds and tomato yield than control and other treatments. In the control treatment, the lowest tomato yield and weed control were observed. Yield in 50% vetch + 50% clover and 100% clover residues were 67.25 and 66.51 t ha-1, respectively, while the yield in control treatment was 14.43 t ha-1. Weed density in 50% vetch + 50% clover and 100% clover residues was 9 and 8 plants per square meter, respectively, and in control treatment was 30 plants per square meter. Weed density in 50% vetch + 50% clover and 100% clover residues was 9 and 8 plants per square meter, respectively, and in control treatment was 30 plants per square meter.
In general, the use of cover crops and their residues in the field can be a good environmental and economic method to control weeds and reduce the use of chemicals in the field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop
  • Residues
  • Yield
  • Control. Tomato
  • weed

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 34، شماره 2
مرداد 1403
صفحه 183-198

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