تأثیر نشاکاری، آرایش کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت علوفه‌ای در شرایط کشت تأخیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و

چکیده

آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده فاکتوریل اجرا شد. آرایش کاشت در سه سطح شامل یک ردیفه معمول با فاصله کاشت بین ردیف 70 سانتیمتر، 70 سانتی متر دو ردیفه و 140 سانتی متر دوردیفه به عنوان عامل اصلی و تراکم بوته در سه سطح شامل 85000 ، 110000 و135000 بوته در هکتار، به همراه شیوه کاشت در دو سطح، شامل کشت مستقیم بذر و کشت نشایی به‌عنوان عوامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. بالاترین مقادیر عملکرد پروتئین (2694 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، نسبت وزن بلال به علوفه تر (33.53 درصد) و همچنین کارایی مصرف آب و بهره وری اقتصادی آن (به ترتیب 22.33 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و 10048 تومان بر مترمکعب آب) متعلق به آرایش 140 سانتیمتر دوردیفه بود. در میان تراکم های مختلف، تراکم 110000 بوته علیرغم کمتر بودن نسبی مقادیر عملکرد تر و خشک آن در مقایسه با تراکم 135000 بوته، از نظر مقادیر کیفی نسبت وزن بلال به علوفه تر و میزان پروتئین (به ترتیب 32.8 و 12.54 درصد) و عملکرد پروتئین (2789 کیلوگرم در هکتار) برتر از تراکم 135000 بوته بود. مقادیر مناسب ارتفاع و قطر ساقه (به ترتیب 273 و 2.65 سانتیمتر) در تراکم 110000 بوته، از مقاومت نسبی آن به ورس حکایت داشت. بهره گیری از کشت نشایی سبب دستیابی به مقادیر بالاتر علوفه تر و خشک تولیدی (به ترتیب 72160 و 22066 کیلوگرم در هکتار) گردید که این امرسبب افزایش عملکرد پروتئین،کارایی مصرف آب و بهره وری اقتصادی آن به ترتیب به میزان 3.5، 19.3 و 19.2 درصد نسبت به کشت بذری گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Transplanting, Planting Arrangement and Plant Density on forage corn yield and yield components in Delayed Cultivation Conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehdi Mottaghi
Assistant Prof, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The planting pattern in three levels including a one- row with spacing of 70 cm, two- row with spacing of 70 cm and two- row with spacing of 140 cm as the main factor and plant density in three levels including 85000, 110000 and 135000 plants per hectare, along with the planting method in two levels, including direct seed cultivation and transplanting were considered as secondary factors. The highest yield of fresh forage with 75661 and 72359 kg.ha-1 belonged to the planting patterns of two- row with spacing of 70 and 140 cm, respectively. However, the highest values of protein yield (2694.78 kg.ha-1), ear to fresh forage weight ratio (33.53 %), as well as water use efficiency and economic water productivity (22.33 kg.m-3 and 10048.9 toman.m-3 of water) were belonged to the planting pattern of two- row with spacing of 140 cm. Among the different plant densities, the density of 110000 plants, despite the relatively lower values of fresh and dry forage compared to the density of 135000 plants, in terms of the qualitative values of the ear to fresh forage weight ratio and protein content (32.80 and 12.54 %, respectively) and protein yield (2789.86 kg.ha-1) was superior to the density of 135000 plants. The transplanting showed higher quantities of fresh and dry forage and protein yield (72160, 22066 and 2585 kg.ha-1, respectively) compared to direct seeding, also, it improved the amount of water use efficiency (WUE) and economic water productivity by 19.3 and 19.2 %, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic water productivity
  • ear to fresh forage weight ratio
  • protein yield
  • two- row arrangement
  • use efficiency water

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 34، شماره 3
آبان 1403
صفحه 85-97

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