تأثیر سلنیوم بر رشد، فیزیولوژی و متابولیت‌های ثانویه گیاه ریحان در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

4 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

10.22034/saps.2022.52460.2897

چکیده

چکیده
مقدمه و اهداف: ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)  گیاهی علفی و یکساله از تیره نعنا و جنس Ocimum بوده که گونه­های زیادی را شامل می­شود. گونه O.basilicum ، مهمترین گونه اقتصادی این تیره و مانند دیگر گیاهان خانواده نعناعیان دارای ترکیبات مهم حلقوی، اسانس و منبع غنی از ترکیبات فنلی و فلاونوئیدها است. ترکیبات اسانس ریحان شامل لینالول، متیل چاویکول، سیترال، اوژینول، سینئول، ژرانیول، کامفور و متیل سینامات می باشد. تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین تنش­های غیرزیستی است که سبب ایجاد تغییرات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی متعددی در گیاهان گشته و عملکرد ماده موثره در گیاهان دارویی را تحت تاثیر قرار می­دهد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی سلنیوم روی گیاه ریحان بومی شهر ری، تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، انجام گردید.
 
مواد و روش ها: جهت بررسی تاثیر سلنیوم بر روی گیاه ریحان رقم بومی شهر ری در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح  بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای مورد آزمایش شامل  سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی(آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری در مرحله شروع رشد زایشی و قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد گلدهی) و محلول­پاشی با سلنیوم در چهار غلظت صفر، 5/0، یک و دومیلی مولار بود.  
 
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی صفات ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه جانبی، و کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کاهش و محتوای پرولین برگ و اسانس افزایش یافت. محلول‌پاشی با سلنیوم موجب بهبود رشد گیاهان ریحان در شرایط تنش خشکی شد. ، استفاده از محلول­پاشی سلنیوم باعث ایجاد مقاومت در گیاه ریحان  و حفظ گیاه در شرایط تنش شد. با استفاده از مقادیر پایین سلنیوم این مقاومت بیشتر  و در مقادیر بالاتر مقاومت کمترشد.
 
نتیجه­ گیری: در شرایط کنونی و با وجود کمبود منابع آبی و نیاز فراوان گیاهان به آب، می­توان با محلول‌پاشی برخی عناصر غیرسمی که وجود آن­ها برای گیاهان لازم و ضروری است ، سبب شد تا مقاومت گیاهان به شرایط تنش افزایش یابد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect selenium on Growth, Physiology and Secondary Metabolites of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under Frought Dtress Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • behrooz esmaielpour 1
  • masoume moradi 2
  • saeid alipour 3
  • Mosa Torabi giglou 4
1 university of mohaghegh ardabili
2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University
3 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective:: Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)  is a annual herbaceous plant belongs to the mint family and the genus Ocimum, which includes many species. O. basilicum species is the most important economic species and like other the mint family plants, it is known as a source of important cyclic compounds and essential oils, as well as a rich source of phenolic compounds and flavonoids.  The most important compounds of the basil essential oil are Linalool, methyl chavicol, citral, euginol, cineole, geraniol, and camphor and methyl cinnamate. Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses, it plays an important role in reducing the performance of medicinal plants and causes many morphological and biochemical changes in plants. This study attempts to investigate the effect of foliar application selenium on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), the ative population "Shahre-ray", under drought stress conditions.
 
Materials and Methods:In order to investigation the effect of selenium foliar spraying on the basil plant of the native Shahr Ray variety under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in layout of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research field of the Department of Horticultural Sciences of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. The experimental factors include different levels of drought stress (full irrigation and irrigation cut-off at the beginning of reproductive growth and irrigation cut-off at 50% of flowering) and spraying with selenium in four concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM
 
Results: The results showed that with increasing drought stress severity, morphological traits including plant height, number of lateral branches, and biochemical traits including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b decreased, but the content of leaf proline and essential oil increased. Selenium foliar application improved the growth of basil plants under drought stress conditions. During this study, the use of selenium foliar application created a type of resistance in the basil plant that maintained the plant under stress conditions. With lower levels of selenium, this resistance was higher, but with higher levels, the resistance was lower.
                                                                                                                                    
Conclusion: In the current situation and despite the lack of water resources and the abundant need of plants for water, it is possible to use some non-toxic elements that are necessary for plants in the form of foliar application, to make plants resistant to stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • Morphological Traits
  • Selenium
  • Ocimum Basilicum
  • Physiological Traits
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