تاثیر شدت‌های مختلف مصرف نهاده بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام لوبیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

3 ایستگاه ملی تحقیقات لوبیای کشور، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی استان مرکزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خمین، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی شدت­های مختلف مصرف نهاده بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد رقم‌های مختلف لوبیا، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در ایستگاه ملی تحقیقات لوبیای کشور واقع در خمین اجرا شد. شدت‌های مختلف مصرف نهاده؛ شامل اکولوژیک، تلفیقی، کم­نهاده، متوسط نهاده و پر­نهاده به عنوان کرت‌های اصلی و رقم‌های مختلف لوبیا شامل سفید رقم درسا، قرمز لاین امید بخش Ks-31169، چیتی رقم صدری به عنوان کرت‌های فرعی بودند. شدت‌های مختلف مصرف نهاده شامل دفعات عملیات خاکورزی و مقادیر مختلف کاربرد کود، سموم، بذر و آبیاری بود. نظام پرنهاده و اکولوژیک به ترتیب با 2 و 7 عملیات خاکورزی کمترین و بیشترین عملیات خاکورزی را داشتند. عناصر غذایی مورد نیاز گیاه در نظام‌های کم، متوسط و پرنهاده با کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی، در نظام اکولوژیک با کاربرد کود دامی و در نظام‌ تلفیقی با ترکیبی از کاربرد کود شیمیایی و دامی تامین شد. مبارزه با آفات و علف‌های هرز در نظام پرنهاده تنها از طریق روش‌های شیمیایی، در نظام‌های تلفیقی، کم و متوسط نهاده ترکیبی از روش‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی و در روش اکولوژیک تنها از روش فیزیکی انجام شد. بیشترین قطر غلاف و دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت در تیمار نظام تولید تلفیقی با لوبیا چیتی و در صفت وزن صد دانه در تیمار نظام‌ تولید پر نهاده با لوبیا چیتی مشاهده شد. تیمار‌های نظام تولید تلفیقی با لوبیا چیتی در صفات عملکرد بیولوژیک (53 درصد) و شاخص برداشت (26 درصد) و تیمارنظام تولید تلفیقی با لوبیا سفید در صفت وزن صد دانه (53 درصد) نسبت به تیمار نظام‌ کم­نهاده با لوبیا سفید افزایش داشتند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد با تولید لوبیا در سیستم‌های تلفیقی می‌توان علاوه بر تولید محصول قابل قبول، در مصرف نهاده نیز صرفه جویی نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Various Input Intensities on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean Varieties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Hasan Shahgholi 1
  • Mohammad Reza Asgharipour 2
  • Isa Khamari 2
  • Adel Ghadiri 3
چکیده [English]

In order to examine the effects ofdifferent intensities of input on seed yield and yield components of bean varieties an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in National Bean Research Station at Khomeyn. Treatments were different intensities of inputs; including ecological, integrated, low-input, medium-input and high-input comprising the main-treatments and different bean varieties (navy bean cv. Dorsa, kidney bean cv.Ks-31169 and pinto bean cv. Sadri) as sub-treatments. Different inputs intensities included frequency of tillage operations and various amounts of fertilizer, pesticides, seeds and irrigation. High-input and ecological systems had the least and the highest tillage operations with 2 and 7 tillages, respectively. Nutrients in low-, medium- and high-input were supplied by chemical fertilizer, in ecological system by manure and in combination of manure and chemical fertilizer. Control of pest and weed in high-input were conducted by chemical methods, in integrated, low- and medium-input system by combination of chemical and physical methods and in ecological system by physical method. The greatest quantity of stem length and diameter, and seed number was observed in high-input of navy bean, while the greatest pod number and length, and seed length obtained in integrated production system of navy bean. The highest diameter of pod and seed, biological yield and harvest index, however, was observed in integrated production system of pinto bean and the highest seed weight obtained in high-input production system. Integrated production system of pinto bean had 53% higher biological yield, 26% higher harvest index and integrated production system of navy bean had 53% higher seed weight over the low-input production system of navy bean. This result suggest that bean production under integrated systems addition to acceptable yield save application of inputs.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bean
  • Inputs
  • Integrated Systems
  • Navy Beans
  • Tillage

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 26، شماره 4
دی 1395
صفحه 49-61

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