کاربرد پسماند پسته به عنوان کود آلی در راستای کشاورزی پایدار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه

چکیده

پسماندها متشکل از بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات محصولات کشاورزی، از منابع کود آلی بشمار می‌روند که کاربرد آن‌ از قدمت تاریخی برخوردار است. بر اساس آمار موجود از مجموع 230 هزار تن پسته خشک تولید شده در سال 1393، بیش از 766 هزار تن پسماند تولید شده است که بخش اعظم آن در باغ‌ها مناطق پسته‌خیز به عنوان کود آلی مصرف می­شود. هدف این تحقیق بررسی اثرات مثبت و منفی مصرف پسماند پسته به عنوان کود آلی طی دو سال متوالی بود. نتایج نشان داد چنانچه پسماند پسته بدون گندزدایی انباشته شود، محیط بسیار مستعدی برای رشد و فعالیت قارچ‌های تیره Aspergillus و Penicillium است. وجود آفلاتوکسین  G2به میزان 028/0 میکروگرم در 100 گرم پسماند پسته تایید شد، ولی این آلودگی در خاک باغی که پسماند به آن اضافه شده بود وجود نداشت. افزودن پسماندها به خاک بطور معنی‌داری باعث کاهش هدایت الکتریکی (EC) و اسیدیته (pH) شد، در مقابل میزان عنصر روی (Zn) 270درصد، فسفر (P) 195 درصد و پتاسیم (K) 5/89 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت، با این حال بین تیمارها از نظر میزان عنصر بُر (B) اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. از نتایج حاصل چنین استنباط می‌شود که افزودن ضایعات پسته باعث غنی شدن خاک از عناصری می­گردد که مستقیماً توسط درختان پسته قابل جذب  هستند، ولی لازم است تا پسماندها قبل از استفاده توسط قارچ‌کش‌ مناسب گندزدایی شوند تا آلودگی توکسینی ایجاد نگردد. همچنین برای بازیابی توان تجزیه پذیری خاک، کاربرد پسماند با فواصل دو یا سه سال یکبار در باغ‌ها قابل توصیه است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of PistachioWaste as Organic Manure in Sustainable Agriculture

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Shahin Daneshmandi
چکیده [English]

Plant residuals and waste products of agricultural crops form organic fertilizer sources that are traditionally used as organic manure. From 230000 t of dry pistachios produced in 2014, more than 766000 t waste was generated and a large part was to pistachio orchards in fertile regions to be used as organic manure. This study investigated the positive and negative effects of the used of pistachio waste as organic fertilizer over two consecutive years in the form of statistical designs for compound decomposition (overtime). The results indicate that if pistachio waste accumulates without being disinfected, it is a suitable environment for the growth and activity of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi. The presence of aflatoxin G2 was confirmed in the pistachio waste (0.028 μg), but this contamination did not exist in the soil of the orchard to which the pistachio waste was added. The addition of waste to soil significantly reduced the EC and pH and increased the levels of Zn, P, and K by 270%, 195%, and 89.5%, respectively, in comparison with the control. The level of B did not differ significantly at between treatments. The results suggest that adding pistachio waste to soil enriches it with elements that are directly absorbable by pistachio trees, but it is necessary for the waste to be disinfected with proper fungicides to prevent development of toxin contamination. Furthermore, to recover the decomposability of soil, application of waste to orchards with intervals of twice or three times a year is recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aflatoxin
  • Agricultural Waste
  • EC
  • Organic Manure
  • Mineral Elements
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