Comparison of Salinity Tolerance of Common and Improved Genotypes of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Tabriz-plain

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

In order to evaluate salinity tolerance in some sorghum genotypes, a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of East-Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Tabriz, Iran. The results showed significant difference among genotypes in all studied traits, except for leaf length, leaf to stem dry weight ratio, and fresh weight of the stem to the total fresh weight ratio. Also, salinity treatment had significant effect on leaf length, leaf fresh and dry weight, stem fresh and dry weight, fresh weight of the leaf to the total fresh weight and fresh weight of the stem to the total fresh weight ratios. The mean comparison showed that these traits decreased by salinity stress. In this research, Pegah and KFS2 verities have more plant fresh weight, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight and fresh weight of the leaf to the total fresh weight ratio in compared with common genotypes. But, Pegah and native Jolfa genotypes had the highest plant height. Differences between genotypes in different traits indicate the desirable genetic variation among the studied genotypes.
 

Keywords


Abbasi MR and Nakhfroush AR. 2007. Identification of salinity tolerance in sorghum germplasm in National Plant Gene Bank of Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 10(2), 191-207. (In Persian)
Ashrafuzzaman M, Halim Khan MA and Shahidullah SM. 2002.Vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays) as affected by a range of salinity. Crops Research Hisar, 24: 286-291.
Avarseji Z, Kafi M, Sabet Teimouri M and Orooji K. 2013. Investigation of salinity stress and potassium levels on morphophysiological characteristics of saffron. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36: 299-310.
Bhattacharya RC, Maheswari M, Dineshkumar V, Kirti PB, Bhat SR and Chopra VL. 2004. Transformation of Brassica oleracea var. capitata with bacterial beta gene enhances tolerance to salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 100: 215-227.
Bohnert HJ and Jensen RG. 1996. Metabolic engineering for increased salt tolerance the next step. Australian journal of plant physiology, 59: 661-667.
Chauhan RR, Chaudhary R, Singh A, and Singh PK. 2012. Salt tolerance of Sorghum bicolor cultivars during germination and seedling growth. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(3): 1-10.
Dadras N, Besharati H and Ketabchi S. 2012. Effects of salinity stress caused by sodium chloride on growth and bioassay of nitrogen in three soybean cultivars. Soil Research Journal (Soil and Water Sciences), 2: 165-174. (In Persian).
Flowers TJ and Colmer TD. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytologist, 179: 945-963.
Fouman Ajirou A. 2000. Sorghum research in Iran. Improving crops of the semi-arid tropics in Iran. Co. Published by ICRISAT an AREEO. Patancheru, P. O., Andhra Pradesh. 502324, India.
Ghassemi S, Zehtab-Salmasi S, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Alizadeh-Salteh S. 2019. Morphological traits and yield of Ajowan affected by different irrigation intervals and growth regulators. Advances in Horticultural Science, 33: 97-104.
Gholinezhad E. 2014. The Effects of Salinity Stress on Related germination traits of wheat genotypes. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 27:276-287.  (In Persian).
Gorham J. 1996. Mechanisms of salt tolerance of halophytes. In: Halophytes and Biosaline Agriculture, 33 pp.
Gregorio GB, Senadhira D and Mendoza R. 1997. Screening rice for salinity tolerance. IRRI. Discussion Paper No. 22. International Rice Research Institute, Philippines.
Heidari N, Pouryousef M and Tavakoli A. 2014. Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis, its parameters and relative water content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 27:829-839.  (In Persian).
Khodarahmpour Z and Soltani A. 2016.  Ranking forage sorghum lines (Sorghum bicolor L.) to drought stress basis seedling growth in laboratory condition. Journal of Crop Breeding, 8: 238-245. (In Persian).
Lacerda CF, Cambraia J, Oliva MA, Ruiz HA and Prisco JTN. 2003. Solute accumulation and distribution during shoot and leaf development in two sorghum genotypes under salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany,49: 107-120.
Molla Heydari Bafghi R, Baghizadeh A and Mohammadinezhad G. 2017. Evaluation of salinity and drought stresses tolerance in wheat genotypes using tolerance indices. Journal of Crop Breeding, 9: 27-34. (In Persian)
Munns R, James RA and Lauchli A. 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57: 1025-1043.
Papadakis IE, Veneti G, Chatzissavvidis C, Sptiropoulos TE, Dimassi N and Therios I. 2007. Growth, mineral composition, leaf chlorophyll and water relationships of two cherry varieties under NaCl-induced salinity stress. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 53: 252-258.
Parida AK and Das AB. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60: 324-349.
Poustini K. 1995. Physiological responses of two wheat cultivars to salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 26 (2): 57-64. (In Persian).
Robinson P, Grattan S, Getachew G, Grieve C, Poss J, Suarez D and Benes S. 2004. Biomass accumulation and potential nutritive value of some forages irrigated with saline-sodic drainage water. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 111: 175-189.
Roshandel P and Flowers T. 2009. The ionic effects of NaCl on physiology and gene expression in rice genotypes differing in salt tolerance. Plant and Soil, 315: 135-147.
Shahbaz M and Ashraf M. 2013. Improving Salinity Tolerance in Cereals. Plant Sciences, 32(4): 237-249.
Sharifi M, Ghorbanli M and Ebrahimzadeh H. 2006. Improved growth of salinity-stressed soybean after inoculation with salt pre-treated mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164: 1144-1151.
Stepien, P and Johnson NG. 2009. Contrasting responses of photosynthesis to salt stress in the glycophyte arabidopsis and the halophyte thellungiella: Role of the plastid terminal oxidase as an alternative electron sink. Plant Physiology, 149: 1154-1165.
Sunseri F, Palazzo D, Montemurro N and Montemurro F. 2002. Salinity tolerance in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): Field performance under salt stress. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2: 111–116.
Velikova V, Yordanov I and Edreva A. 2000. Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Science, 151: 59-66.
Wang YH, Upadhyaya HD and Kole C. 2014. Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum. CRC Press, Pp: 366.
Yeo AR and Flowers TJ. 1984. Mechanism of salinity resistance in rice and their role as physiological criteria in plant breeding. In: Salinity tolerance in plants. Willey, New York, pp. 151-170.
Yuncai H, Wieland F and Urs S. 2005. Salinity and growth of non–halophytic grass leaves: the role of mineral nutrient distribution. Functional Plant Biology, 32: 973-985.