The Effect of Biologic and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Essential Oil Constituents of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

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Abstract

Dill (Anethum graveolensL.) is one of the most important medicinal plants with great applications in different medicinal industries. In present study, effects of biologic and chemical nitrogen fertilizers were evaluated on growth, yield and essential oil constituents of dill. The research was conducted under field condition in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included chemical fertilizer (150 kg/ha urea), biofertilizer (Azospirillum/Azotobacter), combinations of biofertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer and control. Different characteristics such as plant height, number of umbel per plant, number of umbellet per umbel, number of grain per umbelet, 100 seed weight, grain yield, biologic yield and oil percentage were recorded. According to the results, the highest height, biologic yield and grain yield components (except the number of grain per umbellet) obtained on chemical fertilizer and combinations of biofertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer. Results showed highest harvest index and essential oil content detected in chemical fertilizer and combinations of biofertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer. Identification of essential oil components showed that content of carvone increased with application of nitrogen fertilizers. Results indicated, application of biofertilizers enhanced yield and other plant criteria in this plant. Generally, it seems that using of biofertilizers or combinations of biofertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer could improve dill performance in addition to reduction of environmental pollution.

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