Using Empirical Models for Evaluation of Soybean Yield Loss at Different Weed Control Methods

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

          In order to assess the soybean )Glycin max (L.) Merrill.( grain, oil and protein yield loss caused by interference of  natural field weeds and the effects of weed management on weed dry weight loss an factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications at Research Farm of the University of Tabriz in 2008. Two factors included Johnsongrass water extract spray at four levels as No-spray, one spraying at 15 days after emergence (DAE), two sprays at 15 and 30 DAE and three sprays at 15, 30 and 40 DAE and current weed control methods in four levels as two hand-weedings, Trifluralin (pre-planting application), Trifluralin plus two hand-weedings and weedy infested. Integrated application of pre-planting herbicide and Johnsongrass water extract spray had severe effects on percentage of weed dry weight loss in comparison to application of only herbicide. Also application of water extract at three times showed considerable increase in weed dry weight loss compared to other treatments. The relative damage coefficient (q) of Kropff and Spitters model showed that weeds were more competitor  than soybean (q=1.001 and 1.002). The protein yield of soybean suffered a greater reduction as weed density increased. The response of grain, oil and protein yield loss with relative weed dry weight and weed density were linear and hyperbolic, respectively.  Increasing of relative weed dry weight decreased oil and grain yield and increasing of weed density decreased protein yield. Results based on model showed that weed density at 9.5 and 20 plant/m2 and relative weed dry weight at 5 and 10.2 caused grain yield loss by 5 and 10 %, respectively. This information about yield loss related to density and relative weed dry weight can be used to determine the acceptable yield loss and weed economic damage threshold. 

Keywords

References

آلیاری ه، شکاری ف ز و شکاری  ف د، 1379. دانه های روغنی: زراعت و فیزیولوژی. انتشارات عمیدی تبریز. 182 ص.
امینی ر، مجنون حسینی ن، رحیمیان مشهدی ح، مظاهری د و علیزاده ح م، 1388. ارزیابی توان رقابتی ارقام لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris) با تاج خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus) با استفاده از مدل افت عملکرد. مجله علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران،  دوره40 ، شماره 1. صفحه­های 121-131.
پیرزاد ع، جوانشیر ع، آلیاری ه، مقدم م و شکیبا م، 1381. رقابت در کشتهای خالص و مخلوط ذرت و سویا به روش عکس عملکرد. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سال 9، شماره 3. صفحه­های 85-100.
حاتمی م، علیزاده ح م، جهانسوز م و پورداد س، 1385. بررسی اثرات روشهای مکانیکی و شیمیایی کنترل علفهای  هرز بر عملکرد و اجزا عملکرد در گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius)  و تحمل گلرنگ به علفکشها تحت شرایط دیم. ویژه نامه علمی-پژوهشی، علوم کشاورزی،  سال12، شماره 1. صفحه­های 74- 67 .
جعفرزاده ع ا، نیشابوری م ر و اوستان ش، 1377. گزارش های نهایی طرح تحقیقاتی مطالعات تفصیلی 26 هکتار از  اراضی و خاکهای ایستگاه تحقیقاتی کرکج. دانشگاه تبریز. راعی ی، قاسمی گلعذانی ک، جوانشیر ع، آلیاری ه و محمدی ا، 1385. ارزیابی کشت مخلوط سویا (Glycin max L.) و سورگوم (Sorghum bicolor) با استفاده از مدل عکس عملکرد. مجله علوم زراعی ایران، جلد 8، شماره 1. صفحه­های 1-13.
شیرانی راد ا و دهشیری  ع، 1381. راهنمای کلزا. کاشت، داشت و برداشت. نشر آموزش کشاورزی.
صفاهانی لنگرودی ع، کامکار ب، زند ا و باغستانی م ع، 1387. ارزیابی توانایی تحمل رقابت ارقام مختلف کلزا (Brassica napus) در برابر علف هرز خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis) با استفاده از مدل­های تجربی در استان گلستان. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ویژه نامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، جلد 15، شماره5. صفحه­های 101-111 . 
محمدی غ ر، 1383. بررسی تاثیر دوره های مختلف تداخل علف های هرز بر روی برخی از صفات اکوفیزیولوژیک و زراعی در نخود. پایان نامه دکترای زراعت. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز.
محمودی س، مظاهری د، رحیمیان مشهدی ح، چایی چی م و باغستانی م ع، 1383. ارزیابی مدلهای تجربی رقابت مبتنی بر تراکم، زمان نسبی سبز شدن و سطح برگ نسبی علف هرز، در شبیه­سازی کاهش عملکرد ذرت (Zea mays L.) ناشی از تداخل سلمه تره (Chenopodium album L.). مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،  سال 11،  شماره 2. صفحه­های 161-169.
میرشکاری ب، جوانشیر ع، دباغ محمدی نسب ع، نورمحمدی ق و رحیمیان مشهدی ح، 1384. اثر تراکم و زمان سبز شدن تاج خروس ریشه قرمز (retroflexus L. Amaranthus) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان هیبرید 33-Hysun . مجله علوم زراعی ایران، جلد 7، شماره 4. صفحه­های 365 - 376.
Abdelhamid MT, El-Metwally IM, 2008. Growth, nodulation, and yield of soybean and associated weeds as affected by weed management. Planta Daninha 26: 855-863.
Altieri M and Liebman M, 1988. Weed management in agroecosystems, ecological approaches. CRC Press, Inc. P 354.
Anwar S, ShahWA, Shafi, M, Bakht J and Khan MA, 2003. Efficiency of sorgaab (Sorghum water extract) and herbicide for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 9(3&4) :161-170.
Beckett TH, Stoller EW and Wax LM, 1988. Interference of four annual weeds in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 36: 764-769.
Bosnic A and Swanton CJ, 1997. Influence of barnyardgrass (Echinocloa crus-gali) time of emergence and density on corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 45: 276-282.
Cheema ZA, Khaliq A and Akhtar S, 2001. Use of sorgaab (sorghum water extract) as a natural weed inhibitor in spring mungbean. International  J. Agric. Biol. 3: 515- 518.
Cheema ZA, MushtaqMN, Farooq M, Hussain A and Islam-Ud D, 2009. Purple nutsedge management with allelopathic sorghum. Allelopathy J. 23(2).
Chiezey UF, 2001. Pod abortion and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in the Northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. Trop. Oilseeds J. 6: 1-10.
Conley PS, Binning LK, Boerboom CM and StoltenbergDE, 2002. Estimating giant foxtail cohort productivity in soybean based on weed density, leaf area, or volume. Weed Sci. 50: 72-78.
Cousens R, 1985a. A simple model relating yield loss to weed density . Ann. Appl. Biol. 107: 239-252.
Cousens R, 1985b. An empirical model relating crop yield to weed and crop density and a statistical comparison with other models. J. Agric. Sci. 105: 513-521.
Cousens R, Brain P, O'Donovan JT and O'Sullivan PA, 1987. The use of biologically realistic equations to describe the effects of weed density and relative time of emergence on crop yield. Weed Sci. 35: 720-725.
Dayan FE, 2002. Natural pesticides. Pp. 521-525. In: Pimentel D (eds). Encylopedia of pest management. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Deines SR, Dille JA, Blinka EL and Staggenbogr SA, 2004. Common sunflower (Helianthus annus) and shatter cane (Sorghum bicolor) interference in corn. Weed Sci. 52: 976-983.
Firbank LG and WatkinsonAR, 1985. On the analysis of competition with two species mixtures of plants. J. Appl. Ecol. 22: 503-517. 
Fujii Y, 2001. Screening and future exploitation of allelopathic plants as alternative herbicides with special reference to hairy vetch. J. Crop Prod. 4: 257-275.
Fundora Z, Garcia JL, Vranga H, Gonzalegmauvi J, Soto JA, Gonzalez LA and Alvarez I, 1991. Effect of weed incidencen soybean productivity. Agrotecnia de Cuba, 23:53-60 (Field. Crop Absts., 47(6), 3518;1994).
Gibson DJ, Millar K, Delong M, Connolly J, Kirwan L, Wood AJ and Young BG, 2008. The weed community affects yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). J. Sci. Food Agric. 88: 371-381.
Javaid A, Shafique S, Bajwa R, Shafique S, 2006. Effect of aqueous extracts of allelopathic crops on germination and growth of Parthenium hysterophorus L.. South African J. Bot. 72: 609-612.
Jolliffe PA, Minjas AN and  Runcekles VC, 1984. A reinterpretation of yield relationship in replacement series experiment. J. Appl. Ecol. 21: 227-243.
Khaliq A, Cheema ZA, Mukhtar MA and Basra SMA, 1999. Evaluation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) water extract for weed control in soybean. International. J. Agric. Biol. 1: 23-26. 
Kropff  MJ and Spitters CJT, 1991. A simple model of crop loss by weed competition from early observations on relative leaf area of the weeds. Weed Res. 31: 97-106.
Kropff  MJ and Lotz LAP, 1993. Empirical models for crop-weed competition. Pp. 9-24. In: Kropff MJ and Wanlear HH (eds). Modeling crop-weed interaction. CAB International in association with the international Rice Research Institute.
 Lutman, PJW, Risiott R and Ostermann HP, 1996. Investigations into alternative methods to predict the     competitive effects of weeds on crop yields. Weed Sci. 44: 290-297.
Mansoor M, Ahmad HK, Khan H and Yaqoob M, 2004. Development of economical weed  management strategies for mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.). Pak. J. Weed  Sci. Res. 10: 151-156.
Millar K, Gibson DJ, Young BG and wood AJ, 2007. Impact of  interspecific competition on seed development and quality of five soybean cultivars. Australian  J. Experimental  Agric. 47: 1455-1459.
Miller A, 1984. Forage crops. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company.
Monjardino M, Pannell DJ and Powles SB, 2004. The economic value of pasture phases in the integrated management of annual ryegrass and wild radish in a western Australian farming system. Australian  J. Experimental Agric. 44: 265-271.
Rahimian H and Shariati SH, 1999. Modeling crop-weed interactions. Agriculture research and education organization press. 294 pp. (Translated in Persian).
Randhawa MA, Khan MAJ, KhanNH and Asif M, 2009. Influence of Trianthema portulacastrum infestation and plant spacing on the yield and quality of maize grain. International J. Agric. Biol. 11: 225- 227. 
Sharif MM, Cheema ZA and Khaliq A, 2005. Reducing herbicide dose in combination with sorghum water extract for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International J. Agric. Biol. 7: 560- 563. 
Singh HP, Batish DR, Kaur S, Setia N and Kohli RK, 2005. Effects of 2-benzoxazolinone on the germination, early growth and morphogenetic response of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus). Ann. Appl. Biol. 147: 267-274.
Swanton CJ and MurphySD, 1996. Weed science beyond the weeds: The role of integrated weed management  in agroecosystem health. Weed Sci. 44: 437-445.
Swanton CJ and Weise SF, 1991. Integrated Weed Management: The Rationale and Approach. Weed Technol. 5: 657-663.
Wu H, Pratley J, Lemerle D and Haig T, 2000. Evaluation of seedling allelopathy in 453 wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) by the equal-compartment-agar method. Australian J. Agric. Res. 51: 937-944.
Wu H, Pratley J, Lemerle, D and Haig T, 2009. Allelopathy in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Ann. Appl. Biol.  139: 1-9.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics