Evaluation of energy balance and environmental effects of sugar beet production system using life cycle assessment technique (Case study: Piranshahr city)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamedan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran

Abstract

In this study, the values of input energy, output energy, net energy in the production of sugar beet were 67170.9, 1215006 and 1147835 MJ respectively. Fossil fuels, chemical fertilizers and irrigation water accounted for 31.29, 27.76 and 24.91% of the total input energy, respectively. In this study, 0.274, 0.161, 0.00161, 11.80 and 0.00074 kg of each of NH3, N2O, NOX, CO2 and CH4 pollutants were introduced to produce one ton of sugar beet, respectively. In this study, to produce one ton of sugar beet, 0.274, 0.161, 0.00161, 11.80 and 0.00074 kg of each of NH3, N2O, NOX, CO2 and CH4 pollutants, respectively entered the environment. NH3 pollutant has the largest share in the group of the effect of acidity and utrification in the sugar beet production system. In this study, the final index of impact groups including global warming, acidity, depletion of fossil resources and depletion of water resources, depletion of phosphate and potassium resources sugar beet production in Piranshahr region were, 0.01, 0.0013, 0.00049 and 0.60, 0.095, respectively. The final environmental index (EcoX) and the final discharge index (RDI) in the production of this product were equal to 0.0295 and 0.0806, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, the impact groups of depletion of water resources and depletion of phosphate resources had the highest potential for environmental damage, respectively, in the form of impact groups of depletion, Therefore, by constructing pressurized irrigation systems with high irrigation efficiency

Keywords


Asgharipour MR, Mondani F , Riahinia S. 2015. Energy use efficiency and economic analysis of sugar beet production system in Iran: A case study in Khorasan Razavi province. Energy, 44: 1078-1084.
Bazrgar, A. 2011. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of sugar beet production in various production systems in Khorasan. A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D. in Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. 201p
Björklund A. 2012. Life cycle assessment as an analytical tool in strategic environmental assessment. Lessons learned from a case study on municipal energy planning in Sweden. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 32: 82-87.
Brentrup F, Kusters J, Lammel J, Barraclough P and Kuhlmann H. 2004b. Environmental impacts assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, II. The application to N fertilizer use in winter wheat production systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 20: 265-279.
Brentrup F, Kusters J, Lammel J, Barraclough P and Kuhlmann H. 2004b. Environmental impacts assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, II. The application to N fertilizer use in winter wheat production systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 20: 265-279.
Camargo GG, Ryan MR and Richard TL. 2013. Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from crop production using the farm energy analysis tool. BioScience, 63: 263-273.
Canakci M, Topakci M, Akinci I and Ozmerzi A. 2005. Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production: Case study for Antalya Region, Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management, 46(4): 655-666
Emadi B, Nikkhah A, and Soltanali H. 2016. Environmental risk assessment of kiwi production in Guilan province using life cycle assessment, Natural Environment, Natural Resources of Iran, 69(1):131-141.
Energy the Balance Sheet. 2013. Available at Web site http://www.moe.gov.ir/. (In Persian).
Erdal G, Esengün K, Erdal H. and Gündüz O. 2007. Energy use and economical analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey. Energy, 32(1), 35-41.
Fallahpour F, Aminghafouri A, Ghalegolab Behbahani A and Bannayan M. 2012. The environmental impact assessment of wheat and barley production by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Environment, Development and Sustainability 14: 979-992.
 Firat Baran, M and  Gokdogan O. 2015. Determination of energy balance of sugar beet production in Turkey: a case study of Kırklareli Province, Energy Efficiency , 9: 487–494
Goebes MD, Strader R, and Davidson C .2005. An ammonia emission inventory for fertilizer application in the United States, Atmospheric Environment 37(18): 2539-2550.
Helsel ZR. 1992. Energy and alternatives for fertilizer and pesticide use in ‘‘Energy in world agriculture’’, Vol. 6. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing, p. 177–210.
Jafari M, Asgharipour MR, Ramroudi M, Galavi M and Hadarbadi G. 2018. Sustainability assessment of date and pistachio agricultural systems using energy, emergy and economic approaches. Journal of cleaner production, 193:642-651.
Khalili M, and Hamze H. 2020. Effect of Different Soil Amendment Treatments on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris.L) under Different Irrigation Regimes, journal of  Agricultural science and sustainable production .31 (1): 171-192. (In Persian).
Khorramdel  S, Nassiri M,  Mahallati H, Latifi and Belgerdi F. 2020. Comparison between Energy, Environmental and Economical Indicators of Irrigated Wheat and Saffron Agroecosystems in Khorasan-e Razavi Province. jurnal of Saffron Research (semi-annual), 8 (1): 29-54. (In Persian).
Khorramdel S, Rezvani-Moghaddam P and Amin-Ghafori A. 2014. Evaluation of environmental impacts for wheat Agro ecosystems of Iran by using Life Cycle Assessment methodology. Cereal Research, 4(1): 27-44.
Kitani O, Jungbluth T, Peart R M and Ramdani A. 1999. CIGR handbook of agricultural engineering: Energy and biomass engineering (V. 5). ASAE.
Li T, Baležentis T, Makutėnienė D, Streimikiene D and Kriščiukaitienė, I 2016. Energy-related CO2 emission in European Union agriculture: Driving forces and possibilities for reduction.   Applied Energy, 180: 682-694.
Mirhaji H, Khojastehpour M and Abaspour-fard MH. 2013. Environmental effects of wheat production in Marvdasht region. Journal of Natural Environment, 66 (2): 223-232.
Mohammadi A and Omid M. 2010. Economical analysis and relation between energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber pro
Mohammadzadeh A, Damghani AM, Vafabakhsh J and Deihimfard R. 2017. Assessing energy  efficiencies, economy, and global warming potential (GWP) effects of major crop production   systems in Iran: a case study in East Azerbaijan province. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24: 16971-16984.
Nikkhah A, Khorramdel S, Abedi M, Firoozi S and Hamza Kalkonari H. 2017, Environmental Impact Assessment of Tea Production System in Chaboxar Region of Guilan Province Using Hyclity Assessment, Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(1): 181-195.
Ozkan B, Kurklu A and Akcaoz  H. 2004, An input-output energy analysis in greenhouse vegetable production: a case study for Antalya region of Turkey, Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy, 26 (1): 89-95.
Prechsl UE, Wittwer R, van der Heijden MG, Lüscher G, Jeanneret P and Nemecek, T. 2017. Assessing the environmental impacts of cropping systems and cover crops: Life cycle assessment of FAST, a long-term arable farming field experiment. Agricultural Systems, 157: 39-50.
Rafiee Sh, Mousavi Avval SH and Mohammadi A. 2010. Modeling and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for apple production in Iran. Energy, 35: 3301-3306.
Rajaby MH, Soltani A, Zeinali E and Soltani E. 2012. Evaluation of energy use in wheat  production in Gorgan. Journalof of Plant Production, 19: 143-172. (In Persian with English  Summary).
Ramedani Z, Rafiee S, Heidari MD. An investigation on energy consumption and sensitivity analysis of soybean production farms. Energy, 2011; 36: 6340-6344.(In Persian)..
Roy P, Nei D, Orikasa T, Xu Q, Okadome H, Nakamura N and Shiina T. 2009. A review of life cycle assessment (LCA) on some food products. J. Food. Engin., 90: 1-10
Salehi, MA, Almassi M, Borghai A M, Beheshti B, 2015. Determination of Energy Balance for Sugar Beet Production. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 7 (1): 1178-1184.
Shiri M, Ataei R and Golzardi F. 2018. Life cycle assessment (LCA) for a maize production system under Moghan climatic conditions. Environmental Sciences, 16 (1): 191-206. (In Persian)..
Singh H, Mishra D and Nahar NM. 2002. Energy use pattern in production agriculture of a typical village in Arid Zone India-Part I. Energy Conversation Management, 43(16): 2275–2286.
Smith P, Bustamante M, Ahammad H, Clark H, Dong H, Elsiddig E, Haberl H, Harper R, House J and Jafari, M. 2014. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Snyder CS, Bruulsema TW, Jensen TL and Fixen PE. 2009. Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems & fertilizer management effects. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 133(3–4): 247-266.
Soltanali H, Emadi B, Rohani A, Khojastehpour M, and Nikkhah A, 2015. Life cycle assessment modeling of milk production in Iran, Information Processing in Agriculture, 2: 101-108.
Soltani A, Bazrgar AB, Koochaki AR, Zeinali E, Ghaemi AR and Hajarpoor A. 2015. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of sugar beet production in various production systems in Khorasan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 8(1): 43-62 (In Persian).
Taghinazhad J,  and Vahedi A. 2021.  Environmental Impact of Irrigated Wheat Production System Using the life Cycle Assessment Technique (Case study: Ardabil province), journal of  Agricultural science and sustainable production.31 (3): 106-116. (In Persian).
Taghinazhad J,Vahedi A and Ranjbar F. 2019. Economic assessment of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from wheat production in Ardabil Provience. Environmental Science.17(3): 137-150.
Taghinazhad J,Vahedi A and Ranjbar F. 2019. Economic assessment of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from wheat production in Ardabil Provience. Environmental Science,17(3): 137-150.
Vahabipoor M, Reza Sabzghabaei G and Dashti S. 2021. Determining the Environmental Effects of Bean and Lentil Production by Life Cycle Assessment Method (Case Study: Yasuj City). journal of  Agricultural science and sustainable production, 31 (2):303-316. (In Persian)..
Wang M, Xia X, Zhang Q and Liu J, 2010. Life cycle assessment of a rice production system in Taihu region, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 17: 157-161.
Yaghfoori H, and Kashefi D.2018. Evaluation of the components derived from the right to the city (Case study: Piranshahr city). Journal of Research and Urban Planning. 9 (35): 57-68(In Persian)..
Zahedi M, Eshghizadeh H M and Mondani M. 2015. Evaluation of energy use efficiency and economical indices in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) production system in Isfahan province. Journal of Agroecology, 2 (4): 45-53.
Zhou J, Chang VWC and Fane AG. 2013. An improved life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) approach for assessing aquatic eco-toxic impact of brine disposal from seawater desalination plants, Desalination, 308: 233-241.