Evaluation of sugarcane production based on the analysis of cumulative exergy and environmental effects (case study of Ari- industry of Mirza Kochakh Khan)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Agriculture Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran

2 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

3 Sugarcane and By-products Development Company

Abstract

Objective & Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the sugarcane production based on exergy and energy cumulative consumption indicators and environmental evaluation of using life cycle assessment.
Materials and methods: Data of sugarcane production were collected from the Mirza Kochak Khan agro-industry in Khuzestan province. All energy inputs used in the production of sugarcane in Plant and Raton farms were calculated.
Results: Subsoiling, harvesting, laser leveling and deep plowing with moldboard plow had the highest cumulative exergy consumption. Total cumulative energy and exergy consumption were obtained as 86.44 and 49.86 GJ per hectare, respectively. Cumulative degree of perfection and renewable index of sugar cane production process were obtained 6.16 and 0.84 respectively. The findings showed that in terms of energy, sugarcane production is a system with negative cumulative energy and in terms of cumulative exergy, it is a positive system. Electricity is the most consumed energy and diesel fuel is the most consumed exergy in sugarcane production. The life cycle assessment shows that the greatest environmental impact of sugarcane production is related to FWA and MAE groups, respectively, with emissionon the farm having the greatest environmental impact with 62.30%.
Conclusion: Sugarcane production is a relatively renewable process that improving the management of chemical fertilizers and irrigation water and replacing non-renewable energy sources with renewable sources for electricity production increases the exergy efficiency and renewability of the sugarcane production process and reduces the effects of environmental groups.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Ahamed JU, Saidur R, Masjuki HH, Mekhilef S, Ali MB and Furqon MH. 2011. An application of energy and exergy analysis in agricultural sector of Malaysia. Energy Policy, 39(12): 7922–7929.
Amiri Z, Asgharipour MR, Campbell DE and Armin M. 2020. Extended exergy analysis (EAA) of two canola farming systems in Khorramabad, Iran. Agricultural Systems, 180: 102789. DOI:10.1016/j.agsy.
Anonymous. 2022. Agribusiness, Sugar Market Analysis. IHS Markit. Available at: https://ihsmarkit.com/products/food-commodities-food-manufacturing-softs-sugar.html.
Anonymous. 2020a. Agricultural Statistical Yearbook. Iran Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad: TehranAvailable at: https://www.maj.ir/Dorsapax/userfiles/Sub65/amarnamehj1-98-99-sh.pdf.
Anonymous. 2020b. Data, Crops and livestock products. Food Agric Organ. Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data.
Anonymous. 2018. Energy Balance Sheet of Iran. Iran Ministry of Energy Deputy of Electricity and Energy Affairs: Tehran.
Apazhev AK, Fiapshev AG, Shekikhachev IA, Khazhmetov LM, Khazhmetova AL and Ashabokov KK. 2019. Energy efficiency of improvement of agriculture optimization technology and machine complex optimization. In: E3S Web Conf. EDP Sciences: 5054. DOI:10.1051/e3sconf/201912405054.
Baumann H and Tillman A-M. 2004. The Hitch Hiker’s Guide to LCA. An orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application. Studentlitteratur Lund. Studentlitteratur ABAvailable at: http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20&path=ASIN/9144023642 (Accessed: 25 April 2022).
Beheshti Tabar I, Keyhani A and Rafiee S. 2010. Energy balance in Iran’s agronomy (1990-2006). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(2): 849–855.
Bojacá CR, Casilimas HA, Gil R and Schrevens E. 2012. Extending the input-output energy balance methodology in agriculture through cluster analysis. Energy, 47(1): 465–470.
Brentrup F, Küsters J, Lammel J, Barraclough P and Kuhlmann H. 2004. Environmental impact assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology II. The application to N fertilizer use in winter wheat production systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 20(3): 265–279.
Canals MIL, Burnip GM and Cowell SJ. 2006. Evaluation of the environmental impacts of apple production using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Case study in New Zealand. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 114(2–4): 226–238.
Ensinas A V., Modesto M, Nebra SA and Serra L. 2009. Reduction of irreversibility generation in sugar and ethanol production from sugarcane. Energy, 34(5): 680–688.
Erdal G, Esengün K, Erdal H and Gündüz O. 2007. Energy use and economical analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey. Energy, 32(1): 35–41.
Esmaeilpour-Troujeni M, Rohani A and Khojastehpour M. 2021. Optimization of rapeseed production using exergy analysis methodology. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 43: 100959.
Esmailpour-Troujeni M, Khojastehpour M, Vahedi A and Emadi B. 2018. Sensitivity analysis of energy inputs and economic evaluation of pomegranate production in Iran. Information Processing in Agriculture, 5(1): 114–123.
Fallahpour F, Aminghafouri A, Ghalegolab Behbahani A and Bannayan M. 2012. The environmental impact assessment of wheat and barley production by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 14(6): 979–992.
Finkbeiner M, Inaba A, Tan RBH, Christiansen K and Klüppel HJ. 2006. The new international standards for life cycle assessment: ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 11: 80–85.
Granco G, Sant’Anna AC, Bergtold JS and Caldas MM. 2018. Factors influencing ethanol mill location in a new sugarcane producing region in Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy, 111: 125–133.
Houshyar E and Grundmann P. 2017. Environmental impacts of energy use in wheat tillage systems: A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) study in Iran. Energy, 22: 11–24.
Juárez-Hernández S, Usón S and Pardo CS. 2019. Assessing maize production systems in Mexico from an energy, exergy, and greenhouse-gas emissions perspective. Energy, 170: 199–211.
Kaab A, Sharifi M, Mobli H, Nabavi-Pelesaraei A and Chau KW. 2019. Combined life cycle assessment and artificial intelligence for prediction of output energy and environmental impacts of sugarcane production. Science of The Total Environment, 664: 1005–1019.
Khan S, Khan MA, Hanjra MA and Mu J. 2009. Pathways to reduce the environmental footprints of water and energy inputs in food production. Food Policy, 34(2): 141–149.
Khoshnevisan B, Rafiee S, Omid M, Yousefi M and Movahedi M. 2013. Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks. Energy, 52: 333–338.
Kitani O. 1999. Energy and biomass engineering, CIGR handbook of agricultural engineering. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
Kizilaslan H. 2009. Input-output energy analysis of cherries production in Tokat Province of Turkey. Applied Energy, 86(7–8): 1354–1358.
Kropp I, Nejadhashemi AP, Deb K, Abouali M, Roy PC, Adhikari U and Hoogenboom G. 2019. A multi-objective approach to water and nutrient efficiency for sustainable agricultural intensification. Agricultural Systems, 173: 289–302.
Lovarelli D, Bacenetti J and Fiala M. 2017. Effect of local conditions and machinery characteristics on the environmental impacts of primary soil tillage. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140: 479–491.
Michalakakis C, Fouillou J, Lupton RC, Gonzalez Hernandez A and Cullen JM. 2021. Calculating the chemical exergy of materials. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 25(2): 274–287.
Mousavi-Avval SH, Rafiee S, Jafari A and Mohammadi A. 2011. Improving energy use efficiency of canola production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Energy, 36(5): 2765–2772.
Mrini M, Senhaji F, Pimentel D. 2001. Energy Analysis of Sugarcane Production in Morocco. Environment, Development and Sustainability 3: 109–126.
Nemecek T, Dubois D, Huguenin-Elie O and Gaillard G. 2011. Life cycle assessment of Swiss farming systems: I. Integrated and organic farming. Agricultural Systems, 104(3): 217–232.
Nikkhah A, Khojastehpour M, Emadi B, Taheri-Rad A and Khorramdel S. 2015. Environmental impacts of peanut production system using life cycle assessment methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 92: 84–90.
Ordikhani H, Parashkoohi MG, Zamani DM and Ghahderijani M. 2021. Energy-environmental life cycle assessment and cumulative exergy demand analysis for horticultural crops (Case study: Qazvin province). Energy Reports, 7: 2899–2915.
Pelvan E and Özilgen M. 2017. Assessment of energy and exergy efficiencies and renewability of black tea, instant tea and ice tea production and waste valorization processes. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 12: 59–77.
Prasad S, Singh A, Korres NE, Rathore D, Sevda S and Pant D. 2020. Sustainable utilization of crop residues for energy generation: A life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. Bioresource Technology, 303: 122964.
Rahman S and Hasan MK. 2014. Energy productivity and efficiency of wheat farming in Bangladesh. Energy, 66: 107–114.
Rasoolizadeh M, Salarpour M, Borazjani MA, Nikkhah A, Mohamadi H and Sarani V. 2022. Modeling and optimizing the exergy flow of tropical crop production in Iran. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 49: 101683.
Sartor K and Dewallef P. 2017. Exergy analysis applied to performance of buildings in Europe. Energy and Buildings, 148: 348–354.
Shah SM, Liu G, Yang Q, Casazza M, Agostinho F and Giannetti BF. 2021. Sustainability assessment of agriculture production systems in Pakistan: A provincial-scale energy-based evaluation. Ecological Modelling, 455: 109654.
Shahhoseini HR, Ramroudi M, Kazemi H and Amiri Z. 2021. Sustainability assessment of autumn and spring potato production systems using extended exergy analysis (EEA). Energy, Ecology and Environment, 7:14-25.
Singh A, Pant D, Korres NE, Nizami AS, Prasad S and Murphy JD. 2010. Key issues in life cycle assessment of ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: Challenges and perspectives. Bioresource Technology, 101(13): 5003–5012.
Taghinezhad J, Alimardani R and Jafari A. 2014. Energy Consumption Flow and Econometric Models of Sugarcane Production in Khouzestan Province of Iran. Sugar Tech,16(3): 277–285.
Tzilivakis J, Warner DJ, May M, Lewis KA and Jaggard K. 2005. An assessment of the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production in the UK. Agricultural Systems,85(2): 101–119.
Yildizhan H. 2018. Energy, exergy utilization and CO2 emission of strawberry production in greenhouse and open field. Energy, 143: 417–423.
Yildizhan H and Taki M. 2018. Assessment of tomato production process by cumulative exergy consumption approach in greenhouse and open field conditions: Case study of Turkey. Energy, 156: 401–408.
Yildizhan H and Taki M. 2019. Sustainable management and conservation of resources for different wheat production processes; cumulative exergy consumption approach. International Journal of Exergy, 28(4): 404–422.
Yuan S, Peng S, Wang D and Man J. 2018. Evaluation of the energy budget and energy use efficiency in wheat production under various crop management practices in China. Energy, 160: 184–191.