The Effect of Fruit Chemical Thinning on the Alternate Bearing and Some Vegetative and Reproductive Traits of Native Olive Cultivar in Kermanshah Region (Sarpol Zahab)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Crops and Horticultural Research Departament , Agricultural and Natural Resourses Research and Eduaction center, Kermanshah ,iran

2 Associate Professor of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering-Physiology,Trees, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University

3 Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Abstract:
Objectives:In order to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the alternate bearing and some vegetative and reproductive traits of native olive cultivars.
Materials and Methods:This experiment was performed during 2019 and 2020 in the Dalahu Olive Research Station of kermashah province as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications.The first factor was NAA as foliar spraying at three levels (foliar spraying with 150 mg/l), zero concentrations (with distilled water) and no foliar spraying. The second factor was cultivar three native olive cultivars (Deira, Zagros and Meshkat)..

Results:: The results of ANOVA showed that the number of flowers and complete flowers on cluster. cluster and fruit numbers on the branch were affected significantly by tested treatments. The interactive effects of the cultivar and the season was significant at the level of 1% on the Fruit and kernel dimensions, yield and yield efficiency. Foliar spraying in year andcultivar was not significant.

Conclusion: : NAA foliar application hads little effect in alternate bearing in studied cultivars. The percentage of oil in wet and dry matter in "on" and "off" years had no significant difference. The fruit yield of the Deira cultivar compared to other cultivars (Zagors and Mashkat). So despite NAA foliar application, the fruit yield per tree was 35.6 kg in the year "on" and 8.5 kg per tree in the year "off" in Meshkat and Zagros cultivars, the yield difference in two years was small.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abdrabboh GA. 2013. Effect of some growth regulators on yield and fruit quality of manzanillo  olive trees. Nature and Science. 11(10): 143-151.
Anonymous. 1993. Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists Society, 4th Edn. Champagin, IL; AOCS Press.
Anonymous. 2022. F.A.O. Food  agricultural organization.of the united  nations.http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home
Barone ELA, Mantia M, Marchese A and Paolo Marra F. 2014. Improvement in yield and fruit size and quality of the main Italian table olive cultivar'Nocellara del Belice. Scientia, Agricola, 7)11): 52-57.
Bustan A, Lavee S, Zipori I,Yeselson Y, Schaffer AA, Riov J and Dag A. 2011. Role of carbohydrate reserves in yield production of intensively cultivated oil olive (Olea europaea L.) trees. Tree Physiology, 31: 519-530.
Çigdem Z, Isfendiyaroglu M and Özeke E. 2016. Efects of chmical fruit thinning on fruit yield and quality in GEMLIK olive( Olea europaea L.). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 22 (5): 772–777.
Crous J and Styen WJ. 2015. Chemical thinning of Barouni and Manzanilia olives with Naphthalene acetic acid under south African condations .South African. Journal Plant and Soil, 32(1): 47-54.
Dag A, Bustan A, Avni A, Lavee S and Riov J. 2009. Fruit thinning using NAA shows potential for reducing biennial bearing of Barnea and Picual oil olive trees. Crop and Pasture Science, 60: 1124-1130.
ElKassas SE. 1982. Response of chamlali olive of certain growth regulators. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, 13(6): 263-271. 
ElSherkawy MM, Mikhail EG and Othman IM. 2010. Studies on alternate bearing of Picual olive trees. Journal Plant Production , 1(1): 137–147.
Elizabeth F. 2013. Large olive crop may benefit from chemical thinning. National Journal of the Olive Industry, 90: 16-17.
Erel R, Yermiyahu U, Yasor H, Chamus DC, Schowartz A, BenGal A and Dag A. 2016. Phosphorous nutritional level,Carbohydrate reserves and flower quality in olives. Plos One, 11(12): 1-19.
Hegazi ES, Hegazi AA and ELkholly DM. 2017. Effect of some chemical thinning agents of fruit quality and oil content of manzanillo and egghizi shami olive cultivars . Journal of Plant Production, 19 (8): 315-320.
IOOC. 2002. Methodology for the Primary Characterization of Olive Varieties. Project on Conservation, Characterization, Collection of Genetic Resources in Olive.
IOOC.­­ 2002. Methodology for the Secondary Characterization (Agronomic, Phonological, Pomological and Oil Quality) of Olive Varieties held in Collection. Project on Conservation, Characterization, Collection of Genetic Resources in Olive.
Kour D,  Bakshi P, wali VK, Sharma N, Sharma A and Iqbal M. 2018. Alternate Bearing  A-Review International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences,7(9): 2281-2297.
Krueger WH, Maranto J, Sibbett GS . 2004. Olive fruit thinning. In ‘Olive production manual.(University of California: Oakland,CA), pp:101–104.
Lavee S and  Spiegel P.1958. Spray thinning of olives with growth regulators. Ktavim, 9: 129–138.
Lavee S . 1985. Olea europaea.Handbook of flowering,C.R.C press Boca Raton FL, pp:423-434.
Lavee S. 2007. Biennial bearing in olive (Olea europaea). Annales Series Historia Naturalis, 17(1): 101-102.
Link H. 2000. Significance of flower and fruit thinning on fruit, Plant Grow Regulation, 31(1): 17-26. Martin GC, Lavee S, Sibbett GS, Nishijema C and Carlson SP. 1980. A new approach to thinning olives california Agriculture, 34: 7-8.
Maniriho F. 2022. Flower differentiation and fruiting dynamics in olive tree (Olea europaea  L.) Eco physiological analysis in mediterranean basin,Advances in Horticultural Science, 361(1): 53-62.
Martin GC, Ferguson L and  Sibbit GS. 2005. Flowering, Polllination, Fruiting,alternare bearing and absscison, Olive production manual university of California.agricultural and natural resource, pp. 49-54.
Michelakis N. 1997. Water management and irrigation for olive tree,  Proceedings of the international seminar on olive growing. Held on 18- 24 May, 1997at Chania-Greece.
Mickelbart, MV and james D. 2003. Development a dry matter maturity index for olive (Olea europaea L.), New Zealand journal of crop and horticulture scince, 31: 267-276.
Nafea SM and  Halala KA. 2014. Effect foliar application of GA3 and NAA for reducing alternate bearing of olive trees (Olea europaea L.cv. Ashrasi ), IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7 (I) : 08-12.  
Newton C, Lorre C, Sauvage C, Ivorra  S, Terralj F. 2014. On the origins and spread of  O(Olea europaea L.) (Olive) domestication: evidence for shape variation of olive stones at Ugarit, Late Bronze Age, Syria: a windowon the Mediterranean Basin and on the westward diffusion of olive varieties. Vegetation History Archaeobotanye, 23(5): 567-575.
Poli, M. 1979. Etude bibliographique de Ia physiologie de l'alternance de production chez l'olivier Olea europaea L.). Fruits, 34: 687-694.
Reale L, Sgrmo C, Ederli L, Pasqualini S, Orlandi F, Fornaciari F, Ferranti F and Romano B. 2009. Morphological and cytological development and starch accumulation in hermaphrodite and staminate flowers of olive (Olea europaea L.), Sexual Plant Reproduction, 22: 109-119.
Rodrigues MA and Correia CM. 2009. O ciclo bienal da oliveria. In M.A. Rodrigues e C.M. Correia (Eds.). Manual da Safra e contra Safra do Olival. Instituto. Politicnico. Braganea, pp: 111
Sadeghi H . 2002. Planting, growing and harvesting olives, publication of agricultural education;  Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. Deputy Minister of Horticulture.PP: 414.(in Persian).
Sibbett GS and Krueger W. 1998. Olive spray thinning guidelines.University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 7238 (formerly 2475).
Stino GR, Stino RG, Elshinawy  IE,   Rashad HM,Hussien IA and Haleem AY. 2010. Effect of manual Thinning and mepiquat chloride on enhancing fruiting of two olive cultivars in the off year ,journal of Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants, 2(1): 57-62.
Taheri M, Besiret M, khoshzaman T, Mosteshari M and shakeri ML. 2017. Integrated management of soil fertility and nutrition management in olive trees,Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Agricultural Research and Training Organization, Soil and Water Research Institute, PP:109 (in Persian).
Taghipour L, Rahemi M and Assa P. 2011.Thinning with NAA, NAD, ethephon, urea and by hand to improve fruit quality of apricot Brazilian Journal, Plant Physiology.; 23 (4): 279-284.
Taslimpor MR and Rahemi M. 2000. Effect of chemical thinning on characteristic of fruit and alternate bearing of Dezfuol and Fishomi olive cultivars Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2 (1,2):1-16.(in Persian).
Turktaz M, Inal B, Okay S, Erkilik EG, Dondar E, Hermandez P,Dorado G and turgay U. 2013. Nutrition Metabolism Plays an Important Role in the Alternate Bearing of the Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.). PloS ONE, 8(3): e59876.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Volume 34, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 233-247

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics