The effect of organic and plastic mulches on weed biomass, quality indicators and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 1. MS Graduated of Agroecology, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of different mulches on weed biomass weight, yield and some physiological characteristics of onions, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at sample field in Jiroft area at 2019-2020 growing season. Experimental treatments included levels five inorganic mulch of black plastic, white plastic, organic mulch of wheat straw, weeding and control treatment. Traits such as plant height, bulb height, bulb diameter, neck diameter, bulb yield, TSS, bulb sulfur content, percentage of acid, soil temperature, soil moisture content and weed biomass weight were evaluated in three stages. The results showed that all the studied traits except TSS were significantly affected by different mulches. The highest bulb height (73.1 mm), bulb diameter (69 mm), neck diameter (13.3 mm), bulb yield (55707 kg/ha), The highest amount of sulfur was observed in the straw and stubble treatment, There was no significant difference with black mulch treatment. Three types of dominant weeds such as wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), malva (Malva neglecta L.) and leek (Chenopodium album L.) were observed in the studied onion field. The highest and lowest weed biomass of weeds were obtained in the first and third stages of sampling in control and black mulch. The use of appropriate mulch was effective in reducing the number and biomass of weeds and producing optimal yield of onion. According to the research results, black mulch treatment is the best treatment to control weeds and produce optimal yield.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abbasi H, AghaAlikhani M and Hamzei J. 2017. Effect of irrigation intervals, black plastic mulch and biofertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 15(2): 399-412. (In Persian). doi: 10.22067/GSC.V15I2.51667
Abbey LD, Joyce G, Akeb J and Smit B. 2002. Genotype, sulfur nutrition and soil type effects on growth and dry matter production of spring onion. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77:340-345. doi: 10.1080/14620316.2002.11511503
Ahmadi Laki A and Hassannejad S. 2016. The effects of different mulches on cucumber (Cucumis Sativa L.) yield and some characteristics of weeds. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 26(3): 73-84. (In Persian). magiran.com/p1598457.
Ahmadi Moghaddam Z. 2014. Effect of mulch on soil moisture retention. The first national conference on water resources and agriculture challenges, Esfahan-Iran. (In Persian). 153-160. https://civilica.com/doc/537926/
Amini R, Ahmadi-Kakavand R, Shakiba MR and Nosratti I. 2022. Effect of mulch application in integration with reduced rates of trifluralin on weeds and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Agricultural Science Sustainable Production, 32(2): 161-179. (In Persian). doi: 10.22034/SAPS.2021.45892.2678.
Appleby AP. 1996. Weed control, In: Ullman encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. VCH Verlagsgesellchaft mbH, D-69451 Weinheim, 28: 165-202. doi: 10.1002/14356007.o17_o02
Bardehji S,  Bannayan M and  Asadi Gh. 2019. The effect of different levels of irrigation and plastic mulch on yield and yield components of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. styriaca) in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research,17(54): 265-273. (In Persian). doi: 10.22067/GSC.V17I2.71035
Boutagayout A, Nassiri1 L, Bouiamrine EH and Belmalha S. 2020. Mulching effect on weed control and faba bean (Vicia faba L. Minor) yield in Meknes region, Morocco. E3s Web of Conferences 183, 04002. 1-8. (In Persian). doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018304002.
Boyd NS, Gordon R, Asiedu, SC and Martin RC. 2001. The effects of living mulches on tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 18: 203-220. doi: 10.1080/01448765.2001.9754884.
Brainard DC, Bakker J, Noyes DC and Myers N. 2012. Rye living-mulch effects on soil moisture and weeds in asparagus. Horticultural Science, 47: 58-63. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI.47.1.58.
Bybordi A. 2008. The effect of leaf nutrition on trace elements iron and zinc on the quantitative and qualitative traits of Qom white onion and red Ray cultivars. Enviromental Steresses in Crop Sicence, 74(1): 154-160. (In Persian). https://sid.ir/paper/18757/fa
Dahiya R, Ingwersen J and Streck T. 2007. The effect of mulching and tillage on the water and temperature regimes of a loess soil: experimental findings and modeling. Soil and Tillage Research, 96: 52-63. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2007.02.004
Darvishi B, Jenab M, Bakhtar R and Hoseininejadian J. 2020. Mulching effect on soil organic carbon, yield and physiological characteristics of seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 9(19): 145-157. (In Persian). doi: 10.22034/IJSST.2019.126837.1281.
Eslami A and Farzamnia M. 2009. The effect of mulch type on soil water storage capacity and pistachio trees yield. Iranian Journal. Irrigation. Drainage, 3: 79-87. (In Persian).  https://sid.ir/paper/131535/fa
Essah SY, Delgado C, Dillon JA and Sparks R. 2012. Cover crops can improve potato tuber yield and quality. Horticultural Technology, 22: 185-190. doi: 10.21273/HORTTECH.22.2.185
 
Farjana S, Ashraful Islam M and Haque T. 2019. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and mulching on growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 2(2): 95-104. doi: 10.22077/jhpr.2019.2119.1042.
Gu Lee J, Chae HG, Young Hwang H, Kim PJ and Rae Cho S. 2021. Effect of plastic film mulching on maize productivity and nitrogen use efficiency under organic farming in South Korea. Science of The Total Environment, 7887, 147503. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147503
Kader MA, Senge M, Mojid MA and Ito K. 2017. Recent advances in mulching materials and methods for modifying soil environment. Soil and Tillage research, 168: 155-166. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2017.01.001
Kasirajan S and Ngouajio M. 2012. Polyethylene and biodegradable mulches for agricultural application: Areview. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 32: 501-529. doi: 10.1007/s13593-011-0068-3
Kaya C, Higgs D, Kirnak H and Tas I. 2003. Mycorrhizal colonization improves fruit yield and water use efficiency in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) grown under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Plant and Soil, 253(2): 287-292. doi.10.1023/A:1024843419670
Korir NK, Aguyohj N and Gaoqiong L. 2006. Enhanced growth and yield of greenhouse produced cucumber under high altitude areas of Kenya. Agricultura Tropica ET Subtropica, 39(4): 249-254. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/server/api/core/bitstreams/777c8328-4efa-47b4-8e86-0875ec3d1563/content
Laughlin, JC. 1989. Nutritional effects on onion yield and quality. Acta Horticulture, 247:211-215. doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1989.247.39
Liu X, Ren Y, Gao C, Yan Z and Li Q. 2017. Compensation effect of winter wheat grain yield reduction under straw mulching in wide-precision planting in the north china plain. Scientific Reports. 7(1):213-223.  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00391-6
Martin RC, Greyson PR and Gordon R. 1999. Competition between corn and a living mulch. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 79(4): 579-586. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3059
 Mazllom Aliabadi U,  Vaezi AR and Nikbakht J. 2019. The role of soil management using straw mulch application in rainfed wheat production under various climatic condition in a semi-arid area. Iranian Journal of lrrigation and Drainage, 13(2): 552-564. (In Persian). dor: 20.1001.1.20087942.1398.13.2.24.2
Mehdipour Afra R, Amiri R and Irannezhad H. 2014. The effect of polyethylene and organic mulches under irrigation intervals on oil content and fatty acids types of sunflower. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 28 (1): 129-136. (In Persian).  doi: 10.22067/JAG.V4I3.15313.
Moradi Zanyani A, Zarbakhsh A and Khodadadi M. 2010. Effect of sulfur on the yield, quality and storability of two onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars. Seed and Plant Production. 26: 2. 153-168. (In Persian) .doi:10.22092/SPPJ.2017.110401
 Natavan Z, Moradi R, Naghizadeh M and Pourghasemian N. 2021. Effect of various chemical and organic mulch types on weed frequency and growth and yield characteristics of Saffron in the qaenat region. Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 9(2): 143-158. (In Persian).  doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2021.267233.1417
Najafabadia MB, Peyvasta Gh, Hassanpour Asil M, Olfatia JA and Rabieeb M. 2012. Mulching effects on the yield and quality of garlic as second crop in rice fields. International Journal of Plant Production, 6(3): 279-290. doi: 10.22069/IJPP.2012.765
Ramakrishna A, Tam HM, Wani SP and Long TD. 2006. Effect of mulch on soil temperature, moisture, weed infestation and yield of groundnut in northern Vietnam. Field Crops Research, 95 (2-3): 115-125. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.030
Ranjbar M. 2012. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and fertile biofertilizer-2 on phosphorus uptake, growth and yield of edible onions. Master Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. 77 p.
Shah Murad S, Khalid Niaz K, Ali A and Aslam A. 2018. Ginger and onion: new and novel considerations. Pharmacy and Pharmacology International Journal, 6 (1): 49- 52. doi: 10.15406/ppij.2018.06.00154
 Sharifi Z, Vahid Eslami S, Jami Al-Ahmadi M and Mahmoodi S. 2018. Effect of different types of crop residue mulch on the emergence and early growth of safflower and wheat under different moisture levels. Environmental Stresses in Crop in Sciences, 11 (3): 615-626. (In Persian). doi.org/10.22077/escs.2017.789.1155
Soltani A, Fathi P and Hosein Panahi F. 2011. Effect of irrigation depth and mulch on the yield and water use efficiency of potato under drainage irrigation in Dehgolan plain. Kordestan Univercity. MSc Thesis.
Tabatabaei S J. 2014. Principles of mineral nutrition of plants. Tabriz University Press, 389 p.
Tangida Akter T, Harun M and  Rashid A. 2022. Effects of organic mulches on growth and yield of winter onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 7(4): 298-307. doi: 10.5455/faa.123513
Taparauskienė L and Miseckaite O. 2014.  Effect of mulch on soil moisture depletion and strawberry yield in sub-humid area. Journal of Environmental Studies, 23(2):475-482. https://www.pjoes.com/pdf-89216-23075?filename=Effect%20of%20Mulch%20on%20Soil.pdf
Veisialiakbari F, Amerian M and Khoramivafa M. 2020.  Effect of nitrogen and selenium fertilizer splitting time on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and flavorings of edible onion (Allium cepa L.). Horticultural  Plant Nutrition, 3(2): 87-106. (In Persian). doi: 10.22070/HPN.2020.5403.1092
Vojodi Mehrabani L, Valizadeh Kamran R and Azizpour K.  2016. The effects of organic manures, soil cover and drying temperature on some growth and phytochemical characteristics of Calendula officinalis. Agricultural Science Sustainable Production, 26(4): 103-112. (In Persian). https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5607.html?lang=fa
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Volume 34, Issue 2
August 2024
Pages 169-181

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics