Effect of conservation tillage methods in comparison with conventional tillage on on water holding capacity and soil organic matter amount (case study: Yazd)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization

2 Assistant Professor, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Researches, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center

4 Researcher, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization

5 Assistant Professor National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization

Abstract

This research was conducted in order to compare conservation tillage methods compared to conventional tillage on the moisture retention, organic matter and bulk density of the soil. Experiments were conducted on permanent raised bed (PRB), no-till with SFOGGIA (NT) and Jab Planter (JP) equipments, in a wheat- rapeseed-corn cropping system, during 2018-2020, as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Barzegar and Neptune cultivars and SC704 hybrid were used for wheat, rapeseed and corn, respectively. The examined characteristics included levels of soil moisture, bulk density and amount of soil organic matter. Average of organic matter in 0-30 cm soil depth was increased from 0.23% at the beginning of experiment to 0.53%, 0.67% and 0.48% at the end of experiment in PRB, NT and JP treatments, respectively. The amount of soil organic matter in CT treatment was about 0.49% at the end of the experiment. The highest amount of available water was observed in PRB (0.207 %), CT (0.193 %) and JP (0.163 %) treatments, respectively. The lowest value of this parameter was observed in NT treatment (0.143%). The lowest value of the average bulk density of soil was observed in the CT treatment (1.47 g/cm3) and the highest value was observed in the NT treatment (1.60 g/cm3). The use of conservation tillage methods and preservation of residues in the field can help to improve soil organic matter. Also, the average bulk density, water holding capacity of the soil are strongly affected by the application of different tillage methods.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Alvarez R and Steinbach HS. 2009. A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research, 104: 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.still.2009.02.005

Amini A, Rajaie M and Farsinezhad K. 2014. Effects of different plant residue under different tillagepractices on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Plant ecophysiology, 6(16): 27-37. (In Persian). dor:20.1001.1.20085958.1393.6.16.3.8

Ankeny MD, Kaspar TC and Prieksat MA. 1995. Traffic effect on water infiltration in chisel plow and no tillage system. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59: 200-204. doi:10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900010030x

Asadi ME and Faghani M. 2021. New system of cultivation on permanent raised beds. Nowruz publications. 116 pages. (In Persian).

Asoudar MA, Zolghi F and Shahrestani SA. 2017. Principles of plant residue management, tillage and rotation in conservation agriculture. Publication of agricultural education. No. 51762. (In Persian).

Azim Zadeh S, Kuchaki A and Pala M. 2002. Study on the effect of plow different methods on bulk density, porosity, soil moisture and wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 4: 218-233. dor:20.1001.1.23222050.1388.16.4.5.6

Bakker DM, Hamilton GJ, Houlbrooke DJ and Spann C. 2005. The effect of raised beds on soil structure, waterlogging, and productivity on duplex soils in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 43: 575-585. doi: 10.1071/SR03118

Beare MH, Cabrera ML, Hendrix PF and Coleman DC. 1994. Aggregate-protected and unprotected organic matter pools in conventional and no-tillage soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58: 787– 795. Doi: doi:10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800030021x

Cassel CW, Raczkowski DK and Denton HP. 1995. Tillage effects on corn production and soil physical conditions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59: 1436-1443. doi:10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050033x

 

Chassot A, Stamp P and Richner W. 2001. Root distribution and morphology of maize seedling as affected by tillage and fertilizer placement. Plant and Soil, 231: 123–135. doi:10.1023/A:1010335229111

Cavalaris CK and Gemtos TA. 2002. Evaluation of four conservation tillage methods in the sugar beet crop. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development Manuscript LW 01, 008, 6: 1-24.

De Vita P, Di Paolo E, Fecondo G, Di Fonzo N and Pisante M. 2007. Notillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research, 92: 69-78. doi:10.1016/j.still.2006.01.012

Dolan MS, Dowdy RH, Voorhees WB, Johnson JF and Bidwellschradar AM. 1992. Corn phosphorus and potassium uptake in response to soil compaction. Agronomy Journal, 84: 639-642. doi:10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400040021x

Ellis FB, Elliot JGE, Barnes BT and Howse KR. 1977. Comparison of direct drilling reduced cultivation and ploughing on the growth of cereals. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 89: 631-642. doi:10.1017/S0021859600061414

Hajabbasi MA and Hemmat A. 2000. Tillage impacts on aggregate stability and crop productivity in central Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 56: 205-212. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00140-9

Halvorson AD, Black AL, Krupinsky JM, Merrill SD, Wienhold BG and Tanaka DL. 2000. Spring wheat response to tillage and nitrogen fertilization in rotation with sunflower and winter wheat. Agronomy Journal, 92: 136-144. doi:10.2134/agronj2000.921136x

Hammel JE. 1995. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on winter production in northern Idaho. Agronomy Journal, 87: 16-22. doi:10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700010004x

Hasheminejhad Y. 2016. Minimizing N fertilizer application of wheat fields under saline conditions using LCC technique. Final report, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, No. 50622. (In Persian).

Heidari A. 2004. The effects of crop residue management and tillage depth on wheat yield and soil organic matter in corn-wheat rotation. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 5(19): 81-94. (In Persian). doi:10.22059/ijswr.2020.305809.668666

Hemmat A and Taki O. 2001. Grain yield of irrigated winter wheat as affected by stubble-tillage management and seeding rates in central Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 63: 58-64. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00236-7

Holland JE, White RE and Edis R. 2007. The relation between soil structure and solute transport under raised bed cropping and conventional cultivation in south-western Victoria. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 45: 577-585. doi:10.1071/SR07068

Hooshmandi, H., Mirzavand, J., Zare, M. 2021. Effect of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Nutrition Index of Wheat in a Calcareous Soil (Case Study: Zarghan Region, Fars Province). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31(1), 239-257. (In Persian). doi:10.22034/saps.2021.12811

Hosseini M, Movahedi Naeini SA and Shamsabadi H. 2013. Effects of different tillage methods on soil bulk density, yield, and yield components of rain-fed wheat. Iranian journal of soil research. 27(4): 509-519. (In Persian). doi:10.22092/ijsr.2014.126291

Lal R, Mahboubi AA and Fausey NR. 1994. Long‐term tillage and rotation effects on properties of a central Ohio soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58(2): 517-522. doi:10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020038x

McHugh AD, Tullberg JN and Freebairn DM. 2009. Controlled traffic farming restores soil structure. Soil and Tillage Research, 104: 164-172. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.10.010

Mc-Vay KA, Buddea JA, Fabrizzia K, Mikhab M, Ricea CW, Schlegelc AJ, Petersona DE, Sweeneyd DW and Thompson C. 2006. Management effects on soil physical properties in long-term tillage studies in Kansas. Soil Science, 70: 434-438. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0249

Madarasz B, Juhos K, Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger Z and Benke S. 2016. Conservation tillage vs. conventional tillage: Long-term effects on yields in continental, sub-humid Central Europe, Hungary. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 14: 408–427. doi:10.1080/14735903.2016.1150022

Mahboubi AA, Lal R and Favsey NR. 1993. Twenty-eight years of tillage effect on two soils in Ohio. Soil Science, 57: 506-512. doi:10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700020034x

Manlay RJ, Feller C and Swift MJ. 2007. Historical evolution of soil organic matter concepts and their relationships with the fertility and sustainability of cropping systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 119: 217–233. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.011

Osunbitan J and Oyedele A. 2005. Tillage effects on bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and strength of a loamy sand soil in southwestern Nigeria. Soil and Tillage Research, 82: 57-64. doi:10.1016/j.still.2004.05.007

Ossible M, Crookston RK and Larson WE. 1992. Sub surface compaction reduces the root and shoot growth and gain yield of wheat. Agronomy Journal, 84: 34 -38. doi: 10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400010008x

Radcliffe DE, Tollner EW, Hargrove WL, Clark RL and Golabi MH. 1988. Effect of tillage practices on infiltration and soil strength of a typic hapludult soil after ten years. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52: 798-804. doi:10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200030036x

So HB, Grabski A and Desborough P. 2009. The impact of 14 years conventional and no-till cultivation on the physical properties and crop yield of a loam soil at Grafton NSW, Australia. Soil and Tillage Research, 104: 180-184. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017

Van Ouwerkerk C and Boone FR. 1970. Soil physical aspects of zerotillage experiments. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 18: 247–261. doi:10.18174/njas.v18i4.17330

Verhulst N, Kienle F, Sayre KD, Deckers J, Raes D, Limon-Ortega A, Tijerina-Chavez L and Govaerts B. 2011. Soil quality as affected by tillage-residue management in a wheatmaize irrigated bed planting system. Plant and Soil, 340: 453-466. doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0618-5

Wilhelm WW, Bouzerzour H and Power JF. 1989. Soil disturbance residue management effect on winter wheat growth and yield. Agronomy Journal, 81: 581-588. doi: 10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100040007x

References

Alvarez R and Steinbach HS. 2009. A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research, 104: 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.still.2009.02.005
Amini A, Rajaie M and Farsinezhad K. 2014. Effects of different plant residue under different tillagepractices on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Plant ecophysiology, 6(16): 27-37. (In Persian). dor:20.1001.1.20085958.1393.6.16.3.8
Ankeny MD, Kaspar TC and Prieksat MA. 1995. Traffic effect on water infiltration in chisel plow and no tillage system. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59: 200-204. doi:10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900010030x
Asadi ME and Faghani M. 2021. New system of cultivation on permanent raised beds. Nowruz publications. 116 pages. (In Persian).
Asoudar MA, Zolghi F and Shahrestani SA. 2017. Principles of plant residue management, tillage and rotation in conservation agriculture. Publication of agricultural education. No. 51762. (In Persian).
Azim Zadeh S, Kuchaki A and Pala M. 2002. Study on the effect of plow different methods on bulk density, porosity, soil moisture and wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 4: 218-233. dor:20.1001.1.23222050.1388.16.4.5.6
Bakker DM, Hamilton GJ, Houlbrooke DJ and Spann C. 2005. The effect of raised beds on soil structure, waterlogging, and productivity on duplex soils in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 43: 575-585. doi: 10.1071/SR03118
Beare MH, Cabrera ML, Hendrix PF and Coleman DC. 1994. Aggregate-protected and unprotected organic matter pools in conventional and no-tillage soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58: 787– 795. Doi: doi:10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800030021x
Cassel CW, Raczkowski DK and Denton HP. 1995. Tillage effects on corn production and soil physical conditions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59: 1436-1443. doi:10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050033x
 
Chassot A, Stamp P and Richner W. 2001. Root distribution and morphology of maize seedling as affected by tillage and fertilizer placement. Plant and Soil, 231: 123–135. doi:10.1023/A:1010335229111
Cavalaris CK and Gemtos TA. 2002. Evaluation of four conservation tillage methods in the sugar beet crop. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development Manuscript LW 01, 008, 6: 1-24.
De Vita P, Di Paolo E, Fecondo G, Di Fonzo N and Pisante M. 2007. Notillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research, 92: 69-78. doi:10.1016/j.still.2006.01.012
Dolan MS, Dowdy RH, Voorhees WB, Johnson JF and Bidwellschradar AM. 1992. Corn phosphorus and potassium uptake in response to soil compaction. Agronomy Journal, 84: 639-642. doi:10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400040021x
Ellis FB, Elliot JGE, Barnes BT and Howse KR. 1977. Comparison of direct drilling reduced cultivation and ploughing on the growth of cereals. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 89: 631-642. doi:10.1017/S0021859600061414
Hajabbasi MA and Hemmat A. 2000. Tillage impacts on aggregate stability and crop productivity in central Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 56: 205-212. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00140-9
Halvorson AD, Black AL, Krupinsky JM, Merrill SD, Wienhold BG and Tanaka DL. 2000. Spring wheat response to tillage and nitrogen fertilization in rotation with sunflower and winter wheat. Agronomy Journal, 92: 136-144. doi:10.2134/agronj2000.921136x
Hammel JE. 1995. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on winter production in northern Idaho. Agronomy Journal, 87: 16-22. doi:10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700010004x
Hasheminejhad Y. 2016. Minimizing N fertilizer application of wheat fields under saline conditions using LCC technique. Final report, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, No. 50622. (In Persian).
Heidari A. 2004. The effects of crop residue management and tillage depth on wheat yield and soil organic matter in corn-wheat rotation. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 5(19): 81-94. (In Persian). doi:10.22059/ijswr.2020.305809.668666
Hemmat A and Taki O. 2001. Grain yield of irrigated winter wheat as affected by stubble-tillage management and seeding rates in central Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 63: 58-64. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00236-7
Holland JE, White RE and Edis R. 2007. The relation between soil structure and solute transport under raised bed cropping and conventional cultivation in south-western Victoria. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 45: 577-585. doi:10.1071/SR07068
Hooshmandi, H., Mirzavand, J., Zare, M. 2021. Effect of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Nutrition Index of Wheat in a Calcareous Soil (Case Study: Zarghan Region, Fars Province). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31(1), 239-257. (In Persian). doi:10.22034/saps.2021.12811
Hosseini M, Movahedi Naeini SA and Shamsabadi H. 2013. Effects of different tillage methods on soil bulk density, yield, and yield components of rain-fed wheat. Iranian journal of soil research. 27(4): 509-519. (In Persian). doi:10.22092/ijsr.2014.126291
Lal R, Mahboubi AA and Fausey NR. 1994. Long‐term tillage and rotation effects on properties of a central Ohio soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58(2): 517-522. doi:10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020038x
McHugh AD, Tullberg JN and Freebairn DM. 2009. Controlled traffic farming restores soil structure. Soil and Tillage Research, 104: 164-172. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.10.010
Mc-Vay KA, Buddea JA, Fabrizzia K, Mikhab M, Ricea CW, Schlegelc AJ, Petersona DE, Sweeneyd DW and Thompson C. 2006. Management effects on soil physical properties in long-term tillage studies in Kansas. Soil Science, 70: 434-438. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0249
Madarasz B, Juhos K, Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger Z and Benke S. 2016. Conservation tillage vs. conventional tillage: Long-term effects on yields in continental, sub-humid Central Europe, Hungary. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 14: 408–427. doi:10.1080/14735903.2016.1150022
Mahboubi AA, Lal R and Favsey NR. 1993. Twenty-eight years of tillage effect on two soils in Ohio. Soil Science, 57: 506-512. doi:10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700020034x
Manlay RJ, Feller C and Swift MJ. 2007. Historical evolution of soil organic matter concepts and their relationships with the fertility and sustainability of cropping systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 119: 217–233. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.011
Osunbitan J and Oyedele A. 2005. Tillage effects on bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and strength of a loamy sand soil in southwestern Nigeria. Soil and Tillage Research, 82: 57-64. doi:10.1016/j.still.2004.05.007
Ossible M, Crookston RK and Larson WE. 1992. Sub surface compaction reduces the root and shoot growth and gain yield of wheat. Agronomy Journal, 84: 34 -38. doi: 10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400010008x
Radcliffe DE, Tollner EW, Hargrove WL, Clark RL and Golabi MH. 1988. Effect of tillage practices on infiltration and soil strength of a typic hapludult soil after ten years. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52: 798-804. doi:10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200030036x
So HB, Grabski A and Desborough P. 2009. The impact of 14 years conventional and no-till cultivation on the physical properties and crop yield of a loam soil at Grafton NSW, Australia. Soil and Tillage Research, 104: 180-184. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.10.017
Van Ouwerkerk C and Boone FR. 1970. Soil physical aspects of zerotillage experiments. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 18: 247–261. doi:10.18174/njas.v18i4.17330
Verhulst N, Kienle F, Sayre KD, Deckers J, Raes D, Limon-Ortega A, Tijerina-Chavez L and Govaerts B. 2011. Soil quality as affected by tillage-residue management in a wheatmaize irrigated bed planting system. Plant and Soil, 340: 453-466. doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0618-5
Wilhelm WW, Bouzerzour H and Power JF. 1989. Soil disturbance residue management effect on winter wheat growth and yield. Agronomy Journal, 81: 581-588. doi: 10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100040007x
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Volume 34, Issue 2
August 2024
Pages 299-313

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