Effect of three light intensities and CO2 concentration on growth and biochemical characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum) in hydroponic culture

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz

2 1- PhD student, Department of Horticulture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

3 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran

10.22034/saps.2024.58270.3105

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Basil is one of the most important plants belonging to the mint family. Today, it has been well proven that carbon dioxide plays an important role in the growth of agricultural products and light is the source of energy for the plant. Light and carbon dioxide are important adjustable environmental factors in the production of greenhouse products. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of carbon dioxide and different light intensities on the growth characteristics of the medicinal plant basil under hydroponic cultivation conditions was investigated in order to achieve the minimum possible time to produce a plant of a certain size. The main objective of this study was to increase the quantity and quality of basil, as well as to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide and artificial light on the growth and development characteristics of basil plants, to investigate the efficiency of element absorption, and to investigate the simultaneous effect of carbon dioxide and artificial light on improving growth characteristics.
 
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in the Vegetable Physiology Laboratory of Tabriz University. This experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was light at three levels of 78, 156 and 234 micromoles/m2/s, with high-efficiency LED lamps placed at a height of 40 cm above the plant. And the second factor is carbon dioxide at 3 levels of ambient carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide 750 mg/L and 1500 mg/L, which was a source of pure edible carbon dioxide with a purity of 99.99%. Two 4-liter cylinders, a solenoid valve and a regulator were used for injection, as well as a carbon dioxide sensor manufactured by Unity Taiwan. In order to prepare seedlings, basil seeds of the Genovese variety were sown in cultivation trays (with separate cells) containing peat and perlite in a ratio of 60:40 with a volume of 90 cc. To feed the seedlings, complete Hoagland nutrient solution was used every three days from the end of the first week of cultivation. The daytime temperature was 26 degrees Celsius and the night temperature was 21 degrees Celsius. The average ambient humidity was 65 percent and the air in the room was continuously circulated. In this experiment, plant fresh and dry weight (biomass), leaf area index, chlorophyll content, carotenoid, nitrogen uptake, nitrate, and leaf area index were examined.
 
Results: The results showed that the increase in light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration led to a significant increase in the leaf area, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight (shoot biomass), number of leaves, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, nitrate accumulation rate, the percentage of dissolved solids and nitrogen absorption. In this way, in the treatment of 1500 mg/liter of carbon dioxide with 234 μmol/s of light, the amount of dry weight, wet weight, carotenoids, chlorophyll, plant height, surface and number of leaves and nitrogen were increased 280, 100, 160, 123, 100, 163, 128 and 24 % respectively. In the light treatment of 156 μmol/s and carbon dioxide 1500 mg/liter, the amount of dissolved solids increased by 76%. Also, in the light of 234 μmol/s and carbon dioxide of 500 mg/liter, nitrate increased by 115%.
 
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the injection of carbon dioxide and light had a positive effect on the growth of basil plants, and the best results occurred with an intensity of 234 micromoles per square meter per second and 1500 mg of carbon dioxide. Of course, acceptable results were also obtained in the treatment of light intensity of 156, which was very different from the control plants. Carbon dioxide requires the availability of light conditions to create a positive effect, while light did not require carbon dioxide to create a positive effect. Therefore, in order to achieve the highest quality and quantity, the treatment of light of 156 and 234 micromoles per square meter per second along with 1500 mg/liter of carbon dioxide will have the best effect.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production
Volume 35, Issue 3
2025
Pages 171-186

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