Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Faculty if Agriculture University of Tabriz
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
3
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
10.22034/saps.2025.68016.3381
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: The interaction of genotype and environment complicates breeding for high-yielding and stable varieties in arid regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield stability of 60 diverse wheat genotypes from CIMMYT, including selected lines, landraces, and non-adapted germplasm, to identify drought-adapted genotypes. In this study, the Cumulative Main Effects Model and Multiple Interaction (AMMI) and stability indices (ASV, STI, GMP) were used to select suitable genotypes for breeding programs in semi-arid regions.
Materials and Methods: Wheat genotypes were tested in two semi-arid environments in East Azerbaijan, under fully irrigated (25% soil moisture) and drought stress (12% soil moisture) conditions. Grain yield was measured after harvest at 12% moisture. AMMI analysis was performed with one principal component, which covered 85% of the GEI variance, along with stability indices in R software.
Results: Genotype 19 had the highest yield (510.31 g/m2, ASV = 6.43) and genotype 32 had the highest stability (ASV = 0.30). Genotypes 19, 3 and 13 showed a yield-stability balance (yield 450.85-510.31 g/m2, ASV = 6.01-6.43). Among the genotypes studied, genotypes 8, 59, 33, 58, 46, 15, 14, 7, 30 and 25 showed the highest stability. Conclusion: The AMMI model and stability indices identified genotypes with high yield and stability for drought-prone areas. Genotypes 19, 3, and 13 and the stable group (8, 59, 33, 58, 46, 15, 14, 7, 30, and 25) are recommended for breeding programs in semi-arid regions.
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