Effect of Foliar Nutrition of Zinc and Urea on Vegetative Traits, Seed Yield, Percentage and Yield of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Essential Oil in Autumn and Spring Planting Seasons

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc of Crop ecology, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran.

2 Professor of the Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.

3 Assoc. Prof., Horticulture and Crops Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.

4 PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

10.22034/saps.2024.59389.3143

Abstract

Background & Objective: The response of plants to urea and zinc foliar spraying has been widely studied, but similar research on medicinal and aromatic plants is limited. Due to the fact that the changes of black cumin essential oil in response to the application of urea and zinc in different planting dates have not been evaluated, in this research it is tried to determine the effect of foliar application of zinc and urea chemical fertilizers in the two seasons of autumn planting and Spring is on vegetative traits, chlorophyll, percentage and yield of black cumin essential oil (Nigella sativa L.).
 
Materials & Methods: The experiment was performed as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, planting season as the main factor (autumn planting in early November and spring planting in early May) and foliar treatment were placed in sub-plots.
 
Results: The results showed that the highest plant height was related to autumn planting with an average of 36.8 cm. The simple effect of combined foliar spraying of zinc (3 kg/ha) and urea (50 kg/ha) and separate foliar spraying of urea in the amount of 50 kg/ha, carotenoid content, leaf chlorophylls a and b and essential oil yield as increased significantly. The highest yield of seed essential oil (6.68 kg/ha) belonged to the combined spraying of zinc and urea, which increased by 32.5%. The highest seed yield and biological yield were obtained in autumn planting. Foliar spraying with zinc and urea in the amount of 3 and 50 kg/ha, respectively, as well as foliar spraying with urea in the amount of 50 kg/ha, significantly increased the seed yield and biological yield compared to the control. The mutual effect of planting season and foliar application showed that foliar application with 3 kg of zinc and 50 kg/ha in autumn planting had the highest seed yield (603.5 kg/ha).
 
Conclusion: The application of urea chemical fertilizer at the rate of 50 kg/ha was the main factor in increasing the average of the studied traits among the nutritional treatments. In general, in conditions similar to this experiment, it is recommended to use urea fertilizer and autumn planting to obtain the desired essential oil yield in black cumin.
 

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References

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production
Volume 35, Issue 4
2026
Pages 221-239

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