The effect of Cover Crop Type on Weed Control and sugar beet Yield in Different Planting Patterns in Karaj Region

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran

2 2. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

3 Faculty member, Iran Research Institute of Plant Protection, Karaj, Iran

4 Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran

10.22034/saps.2025.62603.3258

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Weeds are among the major factors limiting sugar beet yield, and the use of cover crops can restrict weed growth by increasing competition with weeds. In addition, planting pattern and the timing of cover crop removal may affect weed control and sugar beet yield. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of cover crop type, sugar beet planting pattern, and cover crop removal time on weed population and growth, as well as sugar beet yield, under the climatic conditions of Karaj.
 
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as a strip split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protectio, located on Meshkindasht Road, Karaj in 2013. Planting patterns (in two levels including single-row and double-row planting sugar beet) and type of cover crops (including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), oil radish (Raphanus sativus L.)), as the main plot and the time of removal of the cover crops (at two times of 4 and 8 leaves of sugar beet) as the sub plot.
 
Results: The results showed that the two-row planting pattern led to a decrease in weed growth and an increase of 7.27 tons. ha-1 in tuber yield and 840 kg. hectare-1 in sugar yield compared to the one-row planting pattern. Among the cover crops species, barley had the highest dry weight of the cover crop, the lowest frequency and dry weight of weeds, the highest tuber yield (38.71 tons. ha-1) and sugar yield (6.90 tons. ha-1). The removal time at the eight-leaf stage of sugar beet had the highest percentage of coverage and dry weight of the cover crop, the lowest frequency and dry weight of weeds, and the highest tuber yield (37.45 tons. ha-1) and sugar yield (6.77 tons. ha-1).
 
Conclusion:  Overall, double-row planting and the use of barley as a cover crop were associated with reduced weed growth and increased sugar beet root and sugar yields. In addition, removing the cover crop at the eight-leaf stage improved weed control and sugar beet yield. Therefore, the use of barley under a double-row planting pattern, followed by its removal at the eight-leaf stage of sugar beet, can be an effective approach for weed management and improving sugar beet yield under the conditions of Karaj.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production
Volume 37, Issue 3
October 2027
Pages 201-214

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