Simulation of Soil Nitrogen Content Effect on Weed Seedling Emergence Pattern in Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

      The soil nitrogen content with impact on weed seed dormancy breaking can change their seedling emergence pattern. A trial was carried out in 2014 to predict seedling emergence of Xanthium strumarium, Chenopodium album, Echinocloa cruss-galli,  Amaranthus retroflexus andConvolvulus arvensis,  and to evaluate the impact of soil nitrogen content (Control with 0.07% nitrogen, adding 50 and 100 kg N.ha-1) on seedling emergence pattern in Moldavian balm. The experimental design was randomized complete block design. Weed seedlings were counted and removed on a weekly basis throughout the season. The data were converted to percent of cumulative emergence and percentage of cumulative emergence values was compared with thermal time using Gompertz modified functions. The all species showed different emergence patterns and thermal time required for the onset of emergence. The results also showed that the emergence patterns of Chenopodium and Convolvulus  not affected by nitrogen treatments. However, soil nitrogen content significantly changed emergence patterns of A. retroflexus, E. cruss-galli and X. strumarium. According to our model, A. retroflexus, E. cruss-galli and X. strumarium emergence, respectively, started at 237, 96 and 63 TT with 50 kg additional nitrogen.ha-1, while the respective value in control were 340, 117 and 135, respectively. Due to influence of soil nitrogen on emergence pattern of A. retroflexus, E. cruss-galli and X. strumarium, soil nitrogen content should be considered as an important parameter in the modeling of these weed seedling emergence.

Keywords

References

Anderson RL and Nielsen DC.1996. Emergence pattern of five weeds in the Central Great Plains.Weed Technology, 10:744–749.
Bouwmeester HJ, Derks L, Keizer JJ and Karssen CM. (1994). Effects of endogenous nitrate content of sisymbrium officinale seeds on germination  and dormancy. Acta Botanica . Neerlandica, 43, 39–50.
Buhler DD, Liebman M and Obrycki JJ. 2000. Theoretical and practice challenges to an IPM  approach to weed management. Weed Science, 48:274–280.
Cathcart RJ and Swanton CJ. 2003. Nitrogen management will influence threshold values of green foxtail(Setaria viridis) in corn. Weed Science, 51:975-986.
Cohn MA, Butera LD and Hughs AJ. 1983. Seed dormancy in red rice, III: response to nitrite, nitrate, and ammoniumions. Plant Physiology, 73:381–384.
Cohn MA, Butera LD and Hughs AJ. 1983. Seed dormancy in red rice, III: response to nitrite, nitrate, and ammoniumions. Plant Physiology, 73:381–384.
Cousens R and Mortimer M. 1995. Dynamics of Weed Populations. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge. 332pp.
DiTomaso JM. 1995. Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies. Weed Science, 43:491-497.
Dorado J, Sousa E, Calha IM, Gonzalez-Andujar JL and Fernandez-Quintanilla C. 2009. Predicting weed emergence in maize crops under two contrasting climatic conditions. Weed Research, 49: 251-260.
Dotzenko AD, Ozkan M and Storer, KR. 1969. Influence of crop sequence, nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides on weed seed populations in sugar beet fields. Agronomy Journal, 61:34–37.
Egley GH and Duke SO.1985. Physiology of weed seed dormancy and germination. Pages 27–64 in Weed Physiology: Reproduction and Ecophysiology, Volume 1. Boca Raton, FL: CRC. Ellis, H. M.,
Egley GH and Duke SO.1985. Physiology of weed seed dormancy and germination. Pages 27–64 in Weed Physiology: Reproduction and Ecophysiology, Volume 1. Boca Raton, Florida: Clinical Research Center.
Grundy AC and Mead A. 2000. Modeling weed emergence as a function of meteorological records.Weed Science, 48:594–603.
Grundy AC. 2003. Predicting weed emergence: a review of approaches and future challenges. Weed Research, 43, 1–11.
Harris SM, Doohan DJ, Gordon RJ and Jensen KIN. 1998. The effect of thermal time and soil water on emergence of Ranunculus repens. Weed Researc,. 38: 405-412.
Hartzler B. 2000. Weed population dynamic. In: Proceedings of the 2000 Integrated Crop Management Conference, Nov. 29-30, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
Knezevic SZ, Wiese SF and Swanton CJ. 1994. Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Science, 42:568–573.
Leblanc ML, Cloutier DC, Stewart KA and Hamel C. 2003. The use of thermal time to model common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seedling emergence in corn. Weed Science, 51:718–724.
Norsworthy JK and Oliveira MJ. 2007. A Model for predicting common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) emergence in soybean. Weed Science, 55:341–345.
Roberta M, Donato L, Stfen B, Vanti M, Clarazain M and Goseppe Z. 2010.Temperature and water potential as parameters for modeling weed emergence in central- northern Italy. Weed Science, 58: 216-222.
Roman ES, Murphy SD and Swanton CJ. 2000. Simulation of Chenopodium album emergence. Weed Science, 48:217–224.
Sexsmith JJ and Pittman UJ. 1963. Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on germination and stand of wild oats. Weeds, 11:99–101.
Steinbauer GP and Grigsby B. 1957. Interaction of temperature, light, and moistening agent in the germination of weed seeds. Weeds, 5:175–182.
Steinbauer GP and Grigsby B. 1957. Interaction of temperature, light, and moistening agent in the germination of weed seeds. Weeds, 5:175–182.
Vandelook F, Bolle N and Jozef A. 2007. Seed dormancy and germination of the European chaerophyllumtemulum (Apiaceae), a member of a trans-atlantic genus. Oxford Journals, Pages: 1-7.
 
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Volume 26, Issue 2
June 2016
Pages 73-84

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics