Evaluation of Yield Quantity and Quality of Forage Corn and Sweet Basil Affected by Biological, Chemical and Integrated Nitrogen Fertilizers in Intercropping

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

          In order to evaluate yield and some qualitative traits of forage corn and sweet basil under nitrogen fertilizers (biological, chemical and integrated) in additive intercropping a field experiment was carried out in the Experimental Farm Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University during 2014-2015 growing seasons. The treatments were arranged in a factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments were 100% chemical fertilizer (N), bio-fertilizer (nitroxin), integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer and control and different intercropping systems consisted of sole cropping corn and sweet basil and the additive intercropping of corn + 25% sweet basil, corn + 50% sweet basil, corn + 75% sweet basil and corn + 100% sweet basil. The results showed that integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer had the highest protein of forage (9.43%), but in terms of yield and yield components of forage corn, chemical fertilizer was better to the other treatments. The highest fresh and dry leaf weight, fresh and dry forage yield and forage crude Protein were obtained from sole cropping pattern of corn.  Sole cropping pattern of sweet basil with integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer in the second year had the highest fresh and dry yield. The highest LER (1.566) belonged to corn + 100% sweet basil with bio-fertilizer. The results showed that using the integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer could be considered as a way to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.
 

Keywords


Ahmadi A, Dabagh mohammadi Nasab A, Zehtab Salmasi S, Amini R and Janmohammadi H, 2010. Evaluation of yield and advantage indices in barley and vetch intercropping. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 20:77-87. (In Persian).
Aiyer A K, 1963. Principles of Crop Husbandry in India, Bangalore Press.
Alexandratos N, 2003.World agriculture: towards 2015-30. In Proceeding of Congress on Global food Security and Role of Sustainable Fertilization. Rome. Italy.
Bagheri M, Zaefarian F, Bicharanlou B and  Ghanizadeh H, 2014. A Study of Intercropping of Maize with Sweet Basil and Borage. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, 47: 13-28
Chaichi MR, Keshavarz-Afshar R, 2012. Medicinal forage and role of it in sustainable agriculture. (In Persian).
Cox W, Kalange S and Reid WS, 1993. Growth, yield and quality of forage maize under different nitrogen management practices. Agronomy Journal, 85: 344 -347.
Ebrahimi Zanjani A, Razavi AR and Souhani AR, 2014. Effect of barley-fodder vetch strip intercropping on forage yield in weedy and weed free treatment. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 7 (15): 1504-1508.
Fukai S and Trenbath BR, 1993. Processes determining intercrop productivity and yields of component crops. Field Crops Research, 34: 247-271.
Fulchieri M, Lucangeli C and  Bottini R, 1993. Inoculation with Azospirillum affects growth and gibbereline status of corn seedling roots. Plant Cell Physiology, 34: 1305-1309.
Ghanbari A, Ghadiri H, Ghafari Moghadam M and Safari M, 2010. Evaluation of intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and cucurbit (Cucurbita sp.) and effect on weed control. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Sciences, 41(1): 43-55. (In Persian).
Ghanbari A, Ghadiri H and Jokar M, 2006. Effect of intercropping of maize and cucumber on controlling weeds. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 73: 193-199. (In Persian).
Hernandez AN, Hernandez A and Heydrich M, 1995. Selection of rhizobacteria for use in maize cultivation. Cultivar Tropicales, 6:5-8.
Iqbal J, Cheema ZA and An M, 2007. Intercropping of field crops in cotton for the management of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Plant and Soil, 300: 163-171.
Jalilian J, Modarres-Sanavy SAM, Saberali SF and Sadat-Asilan K, 2012. Effects of the combination of beneficial microbes and nitrogen on sunflower seed yields and seed quality traits under different irrigation regimes. Field Crops Research, 127: 26–34.
Javanshir A, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A, Hamidi A and Gholipour M, 2000. Ecology of intercropping. Publications Mashhad University Jihad. (In Persian).
Jensen ES, 1996. Grain yield, symbiotic N2 fixation and interspecific competition for inorganic N in pea – barley intercrops. Plant and Soil,182:25-38.
Kogbe JOS and Adedrian JA, 2003. Influence nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on the yield of maize in the Savanna Zone of Nigerea. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2:345-349.
Koocheki A and Khajeh Hosseini M, 2008. Modern Agronomy. Jehade Daneshgahi Mashhad Publications. (In Persian).
Nasiri Mehallati M, Koocheki AR,  Jahan M, 2011. Light absorption and use efficiency in winter wheat and maize in sequential cropping and relay intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(6): 878-890. (In Persian).
Koocheki A, Nasiri mahalati M, Moradi M and Alizadeh Y, 2015. Effect different levels of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in corn and cotton intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13(1): 1-13. (In Persian).
McGuirk SM and Semard SD, 2005. Toxicologic emergencies in cattle. Veterinary clinics of north america. Food Animal Practice, 21:729-749.
Malakouti Mj, 1998. Comprehensive approach is recommended diagnosis and optimal use of fertilizers for plants. Tarbiat Modarres University Press.(In Persian).
Mobasser HR, Vazirimehr MR and Rigi Kh, 2014. Effect of intercropping on resources use, weed management and forage quality. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4 (2): 706-713.
Molla Hoseini H, Zand B and Silespour M ,2006. Evaluation of different nitrogen levels and plant population on quantitative and qualitative yield of silage corn (704) in Varamin. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 8(3):250-258. (In Persian).
Nanda SS, Swain KC, Panda SC, Mohanty, AK and Alim MA, 1995. Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers in fodder rainfed upland conditions of Orisa. Current Agricultural Research, 8:45-47.
Nasrollahzadeh S, Mohammadi-Azar M and Shafagh-Kolvanagh J, 2014. Effect of intercropping chickpea and dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fish. et Mey) on weeds control and morphological traits in chickpea. International Journal of Biosciences, 4 (12): 159-165.
Nyasasi BT and Kisetu E, 2014. Determination of land productivity under maize-cowpea intercropping system in agro-ecological zone of mount Uluguru in Morogoro, Tanzania. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2 (2): 147-157.
Ordas A and Stucker RF, 1977. Effect of planting density on correlations among yield and its components in two populations. Crop Science, 17: 926-929.
Pandey RK, Maranville JW and Admou A, 2000. Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelian environment. I. Grain yield and yield components. Agricultural Water Management, 46: 1–13.
Pilbeam CJ, Okalebo R, Simmonds LP and Gathua KW, 1994. Analysis of maize-common bean intercrops in semiarid Kenya. Journal of Agricultural Science - Cambridge, 123: 191-198.
Rohitashav S, Sood  BK, Sharma VK and Singh R, 1993. Response of forage maize to Azotobacter inoculation and nitrogen . Indian Journal of Agronomy, 38: 555-558.
Roy RN, Finck A, Blair GJ and Tandon HLS, 2006. Plant Nutrition for Food Security. A Guide for Integrated Nutrient Management,” In: FAO, Ed, Fertilizer and Plant Nutrition Bulletin 16. Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations, Rome, 348.
Safikhani S, Chaichi MR and Poor-Babaei AA, 2014. The effect of different N fertilizer sources on forage yield of Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) in an additive intercropping system with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 44 (2): 237-248. (In Persian).
Smiciklas KD and Below FE, 1990. Influence of heterotic pattern on nitrogen use and yield of maize. Maydica Journal, 35: 209–213.
Smidt Nw and Brimer L, 2005. The use of herbs in pastures: An interview survey of biodynamic and organic farmers with dairy cattle. Agriculture and Human Values, 22: 355-363.
Van der Meer J, 1989. The Ecology of Intercropping. Cambridge University Press, New York
Vessey JK, 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255: 571-586.
Wajid A, Ghaffar A, Maqsood M, Hussain K and Nasim W, 2007. Yield response of maize hybrids to varying nitrogen rates. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 44(2): 217-220.
Willey RW, 1990. Resource use in intercropping systems. Agricultural Water Management, 17:215-231
Zahir AZ, Abass SA, Khalid A and Arshad M, 2000. Substrate depended microbially Derived plant hormones for improving growth of maize seedling. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 3:289-291.