Yield and Yield Components of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Intercropping with Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) under Organic and Chemical Fertilizers

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

The effect of different fertilizer treatments on intercropping of faba bean and Moldavian balm, by field experiment was studied as factorial on the bases of randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014. The first factor was cropping system at five levels including sole cropping of faba bean, sole cropping of Moldavian balm and three intercropping ratios (1:1, 2:2 and 2:4) of faba bean with Moldavian balm, and the second factor was fertilizer at three levels including nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer (Azoto Barvar + Barvar-2) + 50% of chemical fertilizers, and vermicompost. The results showed that the maximum chlorophyll content index and leaf number per plant was obtained in chemical fertilizer treatment. The highest plant height (56.8 cm) was observed in 1:1 intercropping system. The effect of fertilizer treatment was not significant on plant height and grain per pod. Chemical fertilizer had significant effect on 100-grain weight and harvest index as compared to other fertilizer treatments. The highest amount of number of pods per plant (3.52) was obtained from sole cropping and chemical fertilizer application. The maximum grain yield per occupied unit area was observed in sole cropping (259.2 g.m-2) and among fertilizer treatments was belonged to 100% chemical fertilizer (202.1 g.m-2). Also at all treatments the land equivalent ratio and total relative value were obtained more than 1 and from this comment intercropping of 2:2 faba bean-Moldavian balm were the highest. Therefore, cropping system of 2:2 faba bean-Moldavian balm is introduced as advantageous system.
 

Keywords

References

Ahmadi A, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Zehtab-Salmasi S and Amini R. 2010. Evaluation of yield and advantage indices in barley and vetch intercropping. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 20: 77-87. (In Persian).
Akbari P, Ghalavand A and Modarres S. 2009. Effects of different nutrition systems and biofertilizers on yield and other growth traits of sunflower. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 19: 83-93. (In Persian).
Ali Z, Asghar-Malik M and Akhtar-Cheema M. 2000. Studies on determining a suitable canola-wheat intercropping pattern. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2: 42-44.
Allahdadi M, Shakiba MR, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A and Amini R. 2013. Evaluation of yield and advantages of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) And calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) intercropping systems. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 23(3): 47-58. (In Persian).
Amir-Mardfar R, Raei Y, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Khaghaninia S and Amini R. 2013. Yield and yield components of wheat as influenced by intercropping of oilseed rape and fertilizers. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science, 3: 38-46.
Azarakhshi M, Farzadmehr J, Eslah M and Sahabi H. 2013. An investigation on trends of annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature in different climatologically regions of Iran. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 66: 1-16. (In Persian).
Banik P, Midya A, Sarkar BK and Ghose SS. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. European Journal of Agronomy, 24: 325-332.
Bedoussac L and Justes E. 2011. A comparison of commonly used indices for evaluating species interacts and intercrop efficiency: Application to durum wheat-winter pea intercrops. Field Crop Research, 124: 25-36.
Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Amini R and Tamari E. 2015. Evaluation of maize and three cultivars of common bean intercropping with application of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 25: 99-113. (In Persian).
Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Amon T and Kaul H. 2011. Competition and yield in intercropping of maize and sunflower for biogas. Industrial Crops and Products, 34: 1203-1211.
Ebwongu M, Adipala E, Sekabembe CK, Yamanywa SK and Bhagsari AS. 2001. Effect of intercropping maize and potato on yield of the component crops in central Uganda. African Crop Science Journal, 9: 83-96.
Esmaeili A, Hosseini M, Mohammadi M and Hosseinikhah F. 2012. Effects of alfalfa and barley intercropping patterns on dry matter yield of forage and silage. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 2: 297-277. (In Persian).
Fatma EM, El-Zamik I, Tomader T, El-Hadidy HI, Abd El-Fattah L and Seham-Salem H. 2006. Efficiency of bio-fertilizers, organic and in-organic amendments application on growth and essential oil of marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous. Desert Research Center, 1: 212-264.
Hulet H and Gosseye P. 2000. Effect of intercropping cowpea on dry-matter and grain yield of millet in the semi-arid zone of Mail. http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x 5488E/x 5488e0r.
Jahani M, Koochaki A and Nassiri-Mahalati M, 2008. Comparison of different intercropping arrangements of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and lentil (Lens culinaris). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 6 (1): 67-87. (In Persian).
Javanshir A, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Hamidi A and Gholypour M. 2000. The Ecology of Intercropping (Translated). Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Publications. (In Persian).
Khan M, Khan RU, Wahab A and Rashid A. 2005. Yield and yield components of wheat as influenced by intercropping of chickpea, lentil and rapeseed in different properties. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 42: 1-3.
Khoramivafa M, Eftekharinasab N, Nemati A, Sayadian K and Najafi A. 2011. Economic evaluation of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) chickpea intercropping system associated with several nitrogen levels. Journal of Agronomy Sciences, 3(5): 53-62. (In Persian).
Kumar B, Pandey P and Maheshwari DK, 2009. Reduction in dose of chemical fertilizers and growth enhancement of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) with application of rhizospheric competent Pseudomonas aeruginosa. European Journal of Soil Biology 45: 334-340.
Maffi M and Mucciarelli M. 2003. Essential oil yield in peppermint and soybean strip intercropping. Field Crops Research, 84: 229-240.
Malik MA, Farrukh-Saleem M, Cheema MA and Ahmed S, 2003. Influence of different nitrogen levels on productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under varying planting patterns. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4: 490-492.
Mashhadi T, Nakhzari-Moghadam A and Sabouri H. 2012. Investigation of competition of wheat and chickpea under nitrogen consumption. Agroecology Journal, 3: 344-355. (In Persian).
Mohammadi G, Ghassemi-Golezani K and Javanshir A. 2006. The influence of water limitation on the yield of three chickpea cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil Research, 10: 109-120. (In Persian).
Mohammad-Varzi R, Habibi D, Vazan S and Pazeki A. 2010. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoter on quality of sunflower seeds. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 3: 150-160. (In Persian).
Nagananda GS, Das A, Bhattacharya S and Kalpana T, 2010. In vitro studies on the effects of bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and Rhizobium) on seed germination and development of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. using a novel glass marble containing liquid medium. International Journal of Botany, 6: 394-403.
Nasrollahzadeh-Asl A, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Zehtab Salmasi S, Moghaddam M and Javanshir A. 2012. Evaluation of potato and cowpea intercropping. Crops Ecophysiology Journal, 6(2): 111-126. (In Persian).
Omidbeigi R. 2005. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Astaneh Ghods-e-Razavi Pubications, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Oswald A, Ransom JK, Kroschel J and Sauerborn J. 2002. Intercropping controls Striga in maize based farming systems. Crop Protection, 21: 367-374.
Panbekar N, Dastan S, Yadi R and Shahidifar A. 2015. Effect of nitrogen splitting and planting row space on yield and yield components in faba bean (Vicia Faba L.). Journal of Crop Production Research, 6: 341-347. (In Persian).
Rezaei-Chianeh E, Dabbagh MohammadiNassab A, Shakiba MR, Ghassemi-Goleezani K and Aharizad S. 2010. Intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at different plant population densities. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(7): 1786-1793.
Sana MA, Ali M, Asghar-Malik M, Farrukh-Saleem M and Rafiq M. 2003. Comparative yield potential and oil contents of different canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Agronomy, 2: 1-7.
Schultz B, Phillips C, Rosset P and Vandermeer J. 1982. An experiment in intercropping cucumbers and tomatoes in Southern Michigan, USA. Scientia Horticultrae, 18: 1-8.
Strichland MS, Leggett ZH and Bradford MA. 2015. Biofuel intercropping effects on soil carbon and microbial activity. Ecological Applications, 25: 140-150.
Vandermeer J. 1990. Intercropping. In Agroecology. McGraw-Hill publishing.
Vessey JK. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255: 571-586.
Yousefzadeh S, Modarres-Sanavy S, Sefidkon F, Asgarzadeh A and Ghalavand A. 2010. Effects of different harvest time on essential oil and composition of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26: 562-573. (In Persian).
Ahmadi A, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Zehtab-Salmasi S and Amini R. 2010. Evaluation of yield and advantage indices in barley and vetch intercropping. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 20: 77-87. (In Persian).
Akbari P, Ghalavand A and Modarres S. 2009. Effects of different nutrition systems and biofertilizers on yield and other growth traits of sunflower. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 19: 83-93. (In Persian).
Ali Z, Asghar-Malik M and Akhtar-Cheema M. 2000. Studies on determining a suitable canola-wheat intercropping pattern. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2: 42-44.
Allahdadi M, Shakiba MR, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A and Amini R. 2013. Evaluation of yield and advantages of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) And calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) intercropping systems. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 23(3): 47-58. (In Persian).
Amir-Mardfar R, Raei Y, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Khaghaninia S and Amini R. 2013. Yield and yield components of wheat as influenced by intercropping of oilseed rape and fertilizers. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science, 3: 38-46.
Azarakhshi M, Farzadmehr J, Eslah M and Sahabi H. 2013. An investigation on trends of annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature in different climatologically regions of Iran. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 66: 1-16. (In Persian).
Banik P, Midya A, Sarkar BK and Ghose SS. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. European Journal of Agronomy, 24: 325-332.
Bedoussac L and Justes E. 2011. A comparison of commonly used indices for evaluating species interacts and intercrop efficiency: Application to durum wheat-winter pea intercrops. Field Crop Research, 124: 25-36.
Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Amini R and Tamari E. 2015. Evaluation of maize and three cultivars of common bean intercropping with application of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 25: 99-113. (In Persian).
Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Amon T and Kaul H. 2011. Competition and yield in intercropping of maize and sunflower for biogas. Industrial Crops and Products, 34: 1203-1211.
Ebwongu M, Adipala E, Sekabembe CK, Yamanywa SK and Bhagsari AS. 2001. Effect of intercropping maize and potato on yield of the component crops in central Uganda. African Crop Science Journal, 9: 83-96.
Esmaeili A, Hosseini M, Mohammadi M and Hosseinikhah F. 2012. Effects of alfalfa and barley intercropping patterns on dry matter yield of forage and silage. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 2: 297-277. (In Persian).
Fatma EM, El-Zamik I, Tomader T, El-Hadidy HI, Abd El-Fattah L and Seham-Salem H. 2006. Efficiency of bio-fertilizers, organic and in-organic amendments application on growth and essential oil of marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous. Desert Research Center, 1: 212-264.
Hulet H and Gosseye P. 2000. Effect of intercropping cowpea on dry-matter and grain yield of millet in the semi-arid zone of Mail. http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x 5488E/x 5488e0r.
Jahani M, Koochaki A and Nassiri-Mahalati M, 2008. Comparison of different intercropping arrangements of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and lentil (Lens culinaris). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 6 (1): 67-87. (In Persian).
Javanshir A, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Hamidi A and Gholypour M. 2000. The Ecology of Intercropping (Translated). Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Publications. (In Persian).
Khan M, Khan RU, Wahab A and Rashid A. 2005. Yield and yield components of wheat as influenced by intercropping of chickpea, lentil and rapeseed in different properties. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 42: 1-3.
Khoramivafa M, Eftekharinasab N, Nemati A, Sayadian K and Najafi A. 2011. Economic evaluation of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) chickpea intercropping system associated with several nitrogen levels. Journal of Agronomy Sciences, 3(5): 53-62. (In Persian).
Kumar B, Pandey P and Maheshwari DK, 2009. Reduction in dose of chemical fertilizers and growth enhancement of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) with application of rhizospheric competent Pseudomonas aeruginosa. European Journal of Soil Biology 45: 334-340.
Maffi M and Mucciarelli M. 2003. Essential oil yield in peppermint and soybean strip intercropping. Field Crops Research, 84: 229-240.
Malik MA, Farrukh-Saleem M, Cheema MA and Ahmed S, 2003. Influence of different nitrogen levels on productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under varying planting patterns. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4: 490-492.
Mashhadi T, Nakhzari-Moghadam A and Sabouri H. 2012. Investigation of competition of wheat and chickpea under nitrogen consumption. Agroecology Journal, 3: 344-355. (In Persian).
Mohammadi G, Ghassemi-Golezani K and Javanshir A. 2006. The influence of water limitation on the yield of three chickpea cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil Research, 10: 109-120. (In Persian).
Mohammad-Varzi R, Habibi D, Vazan S and Pazeki A. 2010. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoter on quality of sunflower seeds. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 3: 150-160. (In Persian).
Nagananda GS, Das A, Bhattacharya S and Kalpana T, 2010. In vitro studies on the effects of bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and Rhizobium) on seed germination and development of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. using a novel glass marble containing liquid medium. International Journal of Botany, 6: 394-403.
Nasrollahzadeh-Asl A, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Zehtab Salmasi S, Moghaddam M and Javanshir A. 2012. Evaluation of potato and cowpea intercropping. Crops Ecophysiology Journal, 6(2): 111-126. (In Persian).
Omidbeigi R. 2005. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Astaneh Ghods-e-Razavi Pubications, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Oswald A, Ransom JK, Kroschel J and Sauerborn J. 2002. Intercropping controls Striga in maize based farming systems. Crop Protection, 21: 367-374.
Panbekar N, Dastan S, Yadi R and Shahidifar A. 2015. Effect of nitrogen splitting and planting row space on yield and yield components in faba bean (Vicia Faba L.). Journal of Crop Production Research, 6: 341-347. (In Persian).
Rezaei-Chianeh E, Dabbagh MohammadiNassab A, Shakiba MR, Ghassemi-Goleezani K and Aharizad S. 2010. Intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at different plant population densities. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(7): 1786-1793.
Sana MA, Ali M, Asghar-Malik M, Farrukh-Saleem M and Rafiq M. 2003. Comparative yield potential and oil contents of different canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Agronomy, 2: 1-7.
Schultz B, Phillips C, Rosset P and Vandermeer J. 1982. An experiment in intercropping cucumbers and tomatoes in Southern Michigan, USA. Scientia Horticultrae, 18: 1-8.
Strichland MS, Leggett ZH and Bradford MA. 2015. Biofuel intercropping effects on soil carbon and microbial activity. Ecological Applications, 25: 140-150.
Vandermeer J. 1990. Intercropping. In Agroecology. McGraw-Hill publishing.
Vessey JK. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255: 571-586.
Yousefzadeh S, Modarres-Sanavy S, Sefidkon F, Asgarzadeh A and Ghalavand A. 2010. Effects of different harvest time on essential oil and composition of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26: 562-573. (In Persian).
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Volume 27, Issue 4
January 2018
Pages 121-136

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