Investigation of the Tolerance of Malling Merton106, Gami Almasi and their Hybrids to Fe Chlorosis

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

       Most of Iran temperate zone fruits orchards located in calcereous region and the signs of iron deficiency observed in orchards. So the producers use most amounts of Fe fertilizers that in addition to increase of production costs change the soils nutrients balance. In order to investigation the tolerance of Gami almasi and MM 106 rootstocks and hybrids between them to the induced chlorosis by the bicarbonate and iron deficiency, the studied materials were planted in pots containing the 10 kg of non calcareus soils that were treated with 500 mg/kg bicarbonate from the potassium bicarbonate source and the control ones did not received the bicarbonate.In the end of growth period parameters like the chlorophyll index, Chlorophyll florescence,Total nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Iron, Manganese, Magnesium, Zinc. And Calcium in roots and aerial parts were measured. The parametrs of chlorophyll index, Chlorophyll florescence Fv/Fm, Total Nitrogen, Manganese and Zinc in leaf and also Phosphorous and Magnesium in roots were significantly affected by soil condtion and cultivars. The cultivar affected the total Chlorophyll, Nitrogene, Phosphorous, Potasium, total Iron and Calsium of leaf and also affected the Zinc, Calsium, Manganese, Potasium and Iron in roots. The Gami almasi landrace in comparison with other root stocks had the highest of total Chlorophyll, total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Calcium, Potassium and total iron of leaves. The Gami almasi in bicarbonated soil and also in without lime substrate had the highest chlorophyll index, Fv/Fm, Manganese and Zinc in relation to other stocks.
 

Keywords


Alcantara E, Romera FJ and Canete M, 2000. Effects of bicarbonate and iron supply on Fe (III) reducing capacity of roots and leaf chlorosis of the susceptible peach rootstock Nemaguard, Journal of Plant Nutrition, 23: 1607-1617.
Amiri M, Fallahi EM, Safi-Songhorabad Amiri M, Fallahi E. and Safi-Songhorabad M, 2014. Influence of Rootstock on Mineral Uptake and Scion Growth of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apples, Journal of  Plant Nutrition, 37: 16-29.
Babalar M, Mohebi M, Askary Sarcheshme MA, 2015. Effect of iron and nitrogen application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple “cv. Fuji”. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 46(3): 399-407. (In Persian).
Baker NR and Horton P, 1978. Chlorophyll fluorescence quenching during photoinhibition. In: Photoinhibition (D.J. Kyle, C.B Osmond, C.J. Artzen, Eds.). Elsevier Scientific Publisher, Amsterdam, 85-94.
Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Salerno A and Rea E, 2010. The effectiveness of grafting to improve alkalinity tolerance in watermelon. Environmental & Experimental Botany, 68:283-291.
De la Guardia MD, and Alcántara E, 2002. Bicarbonate and low iron level increase root to total plant weight ratio in olive and peach rootstock. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25: 1021-1032.
Deng CN, Zhang GX, Pan X L, and Zhao KY, 2010. Chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange responses of maize seedlings to saline-alkaline stress. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 16(1): 49-58.
Donini S, Castagna A, Ranieri A and Zocchi G, 2009.  Differential responses in pear and quince genotypes induced by Fe deficiency and bicarbonate. Journal of plant physiology, 166:1183-1196.
Ershadi A and Talaie A, 2001. The effect of clonal rootstocks on leaf mineral composition of several apple cultivars. Acta Horticulturae. 564: 317-320.
Gasemi A, Nasiri J,Yahya abadi M, 2010. Study of the Relative Tolerance of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) Rootstocks to Different Bicarbonate Concentrations.Journal of Cultivation of Seedlings and Seeds (Seedlings and Seeds), 26:137-157.(In Persian).
Hakam P, khanizade S, Deell‚ JR, and Richr C, 2000. Assessing chilling tolerance in roses using chlorophyll fluorescence. HortScience, 35: 184-186.
Jarrahi N, Moez Ardalan M and Akhlaghi Amiri N, 2013. Effect of bicarbonate of irrigation water on absorption of some of micro elements and leaf chlorophyll of some citrus rootstocks in hydroponic culture. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 6(7): 389-395.
Johnson JD, Tognetti R and Paris P, 2002. Water relations and gas exchange in poplar and willow under water stress and elevated atomospheric CO2. Physiolgia. Plantarum, 115:93-100.
Kari Y, Jaakkola A and R, Aksela, 2004. Effect of Fe compounds on nutrient uptake by plants grown in sand media with different pH. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 167: 602-608
Krause GH and Weis E, 1984. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in plant physiology. Interaction of fluorescence signals. Photosynthetic Research, 5:139-157.
Lindsay WL, 1979. Chemical equilibria in soils. The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, NJ.
Liu J, and Shi DC, 2010, Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, inorganic ion and organic acid accumulations of sunflower in responses to salt and salt-alkaline mixed stress. Photosynthetica journal, 48: 127-134.
Malakouti MJ, Ehyaee M and Khoshkhabar VG, 2009. Irrigatio Water Bicarbonate Obstacle to Increasing Agricultural Productivy in the Country. Technical publications. Soil and Water Research Institute.Iran. (In Persian).
Mengel K, 1994. Iron availability in plant tissues: iron chlorosis on calcareous soils. Plant and Soil, 165: 275–283.
Malassiotis A, Tanou G, Diamantidis G, Patakas A, and Therios L, 2006. Effects of 4-month Fe deficiency exposure on Fe reduction mechanism, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant defense in two peach rootstocks differing in Fe deficiency tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163: 176-18.
Pestana M, David M and Varennes A, 2001. Responses of ‘‘Newhall’’ orange trees to iron deficiency in hydroponics: effects on leaf chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, and root ferric chelate reductase activity. Journal of Plant nutrition, 24: 1609-1620.
Rajabi M, Karimi HR and Hokmabadi H, 2012. The effects of different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate on some of the foundations of pistachios in a hydroponic system. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 13: 114-101. (In Persian).
Sabir A, Bilir-Ekbic H, Erdem H and Tangolar S, 2010. Response of four gropvine (Vitis spp.) genotypes to direct or bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency. Spanish Journal of Reserch, 803-829.
Shahabi A, Malakouti MJ and Fallahi E, 2005. Effects of Bicarbonate Content of Irrigation Water on Nutritional Disorders of Some Apple Varieties, Journal of Plant Nutrition, 28: 1663-1678.
Soltani A, 2004. Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Its Application. Internal Press. University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, Gorgan, Iran. (In persian).
Surpin M, Larkin RM and Chory J, 2002. Signal transduction between the chloroplast and the nucleus. The Plant Cell Supplementary, 327–338.
Tabatabaei SJ, 2014. Principal of Mineral Nutrition of Plant. University of Tabriz. (In Persian).
Valdez-Aguilar LA, and Reed DW, 2007. Response of selected greenhouse ornamental plants to alkalinity in irrigation water. Journal of Plant nutrition,, 30: 441-452.
YangC W, Xu HH, Wang L L, Liu J, Shi DC, and Wang DL, 2009. Comparative effects of salt-stress and alkali-stress on the growth, photosynthesis, solute accumulation, and ion balance of barley plants. Journal Photosynthetica, 47: 79-86.
Zribi K, and Gharsalli M, 2002. Effect of bicarbonate on growth and iron nutrition of pea. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25: 2143-2149.