Effect of Vermicompost on Some Growth and Biochemical Characteristic of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under Water Salinity Stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses which has several negative effect on plant growth. The high levels of sodium which is toxic to most varieties of plants species, and more importantly affect plant growth and limit the plants yield cappcity. In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and salinity stress on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of (Dracocephalum moldavica L) the greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2016 at research greenhouse, agricultural sciences of University Maragheh. The study was conducted in a completely randomized block design. Experimental factors comprised salinity levels (0,50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) and vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 %(v/v)) with four replications per treatment. The results showed that application of vermicompost increased plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll content index, dry weight per plant, fresh weight per plant and protein content. Most soluble carbohydrates were found at the 150 mM salinity and 15% vermicompost. Furthermore, the lowest amount of proline (1/444 μ g/wt) related to the control plants and 15 %(v/v) vermicompost. The results showed that all studied traits were affected by different fertilizer treatments. Therefore, using vermicompost can be a suitable method for reducing the effects of high sodium chloride concentration on growth of this plant in saline soils.
 

Keywords


Aghai K, Talai N, Kanani M and Yazdani M. 2014. Effect of salt stress on some physiological and biochemical parameters of two (Salvia species). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 3(9): 85-96.
Ahmad R and Jabeen N. 2009. Demonstration of growth improvement in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). by the use of organic fertilizers under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(3), 1373-1384.
Ahmadian A, Ghanbari A, Galavi M, Siahsar B and Arazmjo A. 2010. The effect of different irrigation regimes and manure on the elements, essential oil content and chemical composition of cumin. Journal Neurophysiol Crop Plants Weeds, 4(16): 94-83. (In Persian).
Al-Sobhi OA, Al-Zahrani H S, and Al-Ahmadi S B, 2006. Effect of salinity in chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents of (Calotropis procera) seedlings. Scientific Journal of King Faisal University (Basic and Applied Sciences): 105-114.
Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Bierman P, Metzger JD and Lucht C. 2005. Effects of vermicomposts produced from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste on the growth and yield of peppers in the field. Pedobiologia, 49(4), 297-306.
Aziz EE, Al-Amier H, Craker L E. 2008. Influence of salt stress on growth and essential oil production in peppermint, pennyroyal, and apple mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 14(1-2), 77-87.
Bybordi A, 2012. Study effect of salinity on some physiologic and morphologic properties of two grape cultivars. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 1092-1101.
Chalavi V, Yosefi Shiadeh S M. and Zangi S. 2015. The effect of different levels of vermicompost and photoperiod on greenhouse production of medicinal plant stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Journal ofScience and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 21: 31-38.
Chiluvuru N, Tartte V, Kalla CM and Kommalapati R. 2009. Plant bioassay for assessing the effects of vermicompost on growth and yield of Vigna radiata and Centella asiatica, two important medicinal plants. Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture4(2), 160-164.
Ebtsam, El-Housini E A, Ahmed MA, Hassanein MS and Tawfik MM. 2014. Effect of salicylic acid (SA) on growth and quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.). under salt stress.  Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 14, 275-281.
Eisa S, Hussin S, Geissler N and Koyro HW. 2012. Effect of NaCl salinity on water relations, photosynthesis and chemical composition of Quinoa ('Chenopodium quinoa'Willd.) as a potential cash crop halophyte. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(2), 357.
Emarat pardaz J, Hami A and Gohari G, 2015. Evaluation of growth characteristics and essential oil yield of Satureja hortensis L. under salinity and Zn Foliar Spraying. Journala of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 26(3): 131-140. (In Persian).
Fageria N K, and Baligar V C. 2005. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advances in Agronomy. 88: 97-185.
Fahad S, and Bano A. 2012. Effect of salicylic acid on physiological and biochemical characterization of maize grown in saline area. Pakistan Journal of Botany44(4), 1433-1438.
Gaber MA. 2010. Antioxidative defense under salt stress. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 5: 369-374.
Gharib FA, Zeid IM, Salem OMA and Ahmed, EZ. 2014. Effects of (Sargassum latifolium) extract on growth, oil content and enzymatic activities of rosemary plants under salinity stress. Life Science Journal, 11, 933-945.
Graifenberg A L, Giustiniani O, Temperini and D P Lipucci. 1995. Allocation of Na, Cl, K and Ca within plant tissue in Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) under salin-sodic condition. Scientia Horticulturae. 63: 1-10.
Gholipour Zar A, Gholipour A. and Shahbazi H. 2012. Evaluate the effect of vermicompost on the growth of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). The First Conference of Scientific-Specialized Rural. 22-25.
Goldani M, Kamali M, Mohtashami S, Ghani A. 2016. Effect of Different Vermicompost Levels on Morphophysiological Traist and Growth Charachtristics of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 30(3), 257-269.
Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Fujita, M. 2013. Plant response to salt stress and role of exogenous protectants to mitigate salt-induced damages. In Ecophysiology and responses of plants under salt stress (pp. 25-87). Springer, New York, NY.
 
Hassanzadeh K, Ahmadi M and Shaban M. 2014. Effect of pre-treatment of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) seeds on seed germination and seedlings growth under salt stress. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Science, 4(3), 260-265.
Heidari A, Toorchi M, Bandehagh A and Shakiba MR. 2011. Effect of NaCl stress on growth, Water relations, organic and inorganic osmolytes accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 1(3), 23-34.
Hosseinzadeh SR, Amiri H and Ismaili A. 2016. Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Photosynthetica, 54(1), 87-92.
Irigoyen JJ, Einerich DW and Sánchez‐Díaz M. 1992. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia plantarum, 84(1), 55-60.
Jaafar HZ, Ibrahim MH, and Mohamad Fakri NF. 2012. Impact of soil field water capacity on secondary metabolites, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), maliondialdehyde (MDA) and photosynthetic responses of Malaysian Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth). Molecules, 17(6), 7305-7322.
Justes E, J M Meynard B, Mary and D Plenet. 1997. Managment of N nutrition: diagnosis using stem base extract: JUBIL method. p. 163-187. In: Lemaire, G. (Ed), Diagnosis of the Nitrogen Status in Crops. Spinger Verlag, Berlin.
Joshi, Vig AP and Singh J. 2013. Vermicompost as soil supplement to enhance growth, yield and quality of (Triticum aestivum L.). a field study. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2(1), 16.
Karray-Bouraoui N, Rabhi M, Neffati M, Baldan B, Ranieri A, Marzouk B, and Smaoui A. 2009. Salt effect on yield and composition of shoot essential oil and trichome morphology and density on leaves of Mentha pulegium. Industrial Crops and Products, 30(3), 338-343.
Khalid K A, and Cai W. 2011. The effects of mannitol and salinity stresses on growth and biochemical accumulations in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(2), 112-120.
Khan MA, Ahmed MZ and Hameed A. 2006. Effect of sea salt and L-ascorbic acid on the seed germination of halophytes. Journal of Arid Environments, 67(3), 535-540.
Khorasaninejad S, Mousavi A, Soltanloo H, Hemmati K, and Khalighi A. 2010. The effect of salinity stress on growth parameters, essential oil yield and constituent of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). World Applied Sciences Journal, 11(11), 1403-1407.
Khurmizi AB, Ganjeali AA, Abrishamchi P and Parsa M. 2016. Effect of vermicompost on photosynthesis and transpiration rate and water use efficiency of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under salinity stress. Būm/shināsī-i kishāvarzī, 4(3), 223-234.
Lakhdar A, Rabhi M, Ghnaya T, Montemurro F, Jedidi N, and Abdelly C. 2009. Effectiveness of compost use in salt-affected soil. Journal of hazardous materials, 171(1-3), 29-37.
Lenin M, Selvakumar G and Thangadurai R. 2010. Growth and nutrient content variation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under vermicompost application. Journal of Experimental Sciences, 1(8), 25-34
Mafakheri S, Omidbaigi R., Sefidkon F and RejaliF. 2012. Influence of biofertilizers on the essential Oil Content and constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 15(1), 58-65.
Moradi F, and Ismail A M. 2007. Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ROS-scavenging systems to salt stress during seedling and reproductive stages in rice. Annals of botany, 99(6), 1161-1173.
 
Muhammad Z, and Hussain F. 2010. Effect of NaCl salinity on the germination and seedling growth of some medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(2), 889-897.
Nazari H, vafae A, khaleghian A, taherian M, safarieh M, and jahanjo N. 2011. The effect of avena sativa alcoholic and aqueous extract on the wound healing and skin inflammation. Journal Urmia
University of Medical Sciences, 22(5), 467-473.
Nadeem S M, Ahmad M, Zahir Z A, Javaid A, and Ashraf M. 2014. The role of mycorrhizae and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving crop productivity under stressful environments. Biotechnology advances, 32(2), 429-448.
Najar I A, and Khan A B. 2013. Effect of vermicompost on growth and productivity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) under field conditions. Acta Biologica Malaysiana, 2(1), 12-21.
Omid Beighi R. 2011. Approaches to the production and processing of medicinal plants. Thought of the day Publications, Mashhad (in Persian).
Omid Beygi R. 2004. Production and processing of medicinal Plants, Volume Publisher: Astan Quds Razavi (Mashhad), Volume Two, P. 438.
Ouraei M, Tabatabaei SJ, falahi E, and Imani A. 2010. The effects of salinity stress and rootstock on the growth, photosynthetic rate, nutrient and sodium concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.). 121-140.
Omid Beygi R. 2010. Production and processing of medicinal plants, Volume Publisher: Astan Quds Razavi (Mashhad), Volume Four First Edition, P. 363-364.
Padmavathiamma PK, Li LY, and Kumari UR. 2008. An experimental study of vermin-biowaste composting for agriculture soil improvement. Bioresource Technology. 99: 1672-1681.
Parvaneh R, Shahrokh T and Meysam HS. 2012. Studying of salinity stress effect on germination, proline, sugar, protein, lipid and chlorophyll content in Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). leaves. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 8(1).
Rahdari P, Tavakoli S and Hosseini SM. 2012. Studying of salinity stress effect on germination, proline, sugar, protein, lipid and chlorophyll content in purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). leaves. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 8(1), 182-193.
Reginato M, Travaglia C, Reinoso H, Garello F, and Luna V. 2016. Salt mixtures induce anatomical modifications in the halophyte Prosopis strombulifera (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 218, 75-85.
Roy SJ, Negrão S, and Tester M. 2014. Salt resistant crop plants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 
26, 115-124.
Razipour P, Golchin A, and Daghestani M. 2016. Effects of different levels of cow manure and inoculation with nitroxin on growth and performance of (Melissa officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32(5), 125-134.
Razzaghi F, Ahmadi SH, Adolf VI, Jensen CR, Jacobsen SE and Andersen MN. 2011. Water relations and transpiration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WilldL.) under salinity and soil drying. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 197(5), 348-360.
Sabra A, Daayf F, and Renault S. 2012. Differential physiological and biochemical responses of three Echinacea species to salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 135, 23-31.
Sadras VO, and Milroy SP. Soil–water thresholds for the responses of leaf expansion and gas exchanges: A review. Field Crops Research, 1996. 47: 256-266.
 
Said-Al Ahl HAH, and Mahmoud AA. 2010. Effect of zinc and/or iron foliar application on growth and essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under salt stress. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences, 3(1), 97-111.
Salehi A, Ghalavand A, Sefidkon F and Asgharzade A. 2011. The effect of zeolite, PGPR and vermicompost application on N, P, K concentration, essential oil content and yield in organic cultivation of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 27: 188-201.
Shabala S and Munns R. 2017. Salinity stress: physiological constraints and adaptive mechanisms. Plant stress physiology, 2nd edn. CABI, Wallingford, 24-63. ‏
Setayeshmehr Z. and Esmailzadeh Behabadi S. 2013. The effect of salinity on some physiological and biochemical properties of the herb coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Plant Production Research, 20 (3): 111-128.
Siahsar B and Heidari M. 2011. Residual effect of chemical and animal fertilizers and compost on Yield, yield components, Physiological Characteristics and Essential Oil Content of (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under Drought Stress conditions. Pizhūhishhā-yi zirāī-i Īrān, 8(4), 668-676.
Sirousmehr A, Bardel J, and Mohammadi S. 2015. Changes of germination properties, photosynthetic pigments and anti-oxidant enzymes activity of safflower as affected by drought and salinity stresses. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 8(4), 517-533.
Tahami Zarandi MK, Rezvani-Moghadam P and Jahani M 2010. Comparison of organic and chemical yield and herbal essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Agroecology. 2(1), 70-82. (In Persian).
Theunissen J, Ndakidemi P A. and Laubscher C P. 2010. Potential of vermicompost produced from plant wast on the growth and nutrient status in vegetable productionInternational. Physical Sciences. 5: 964-1973.
Uma B and Malathi M. 2009. Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth and yield of Amaranthus species. Research Journal of Agriculture and biological Sciencei, 5(6), 1054-10.
Warman PR and AngLopez MJ. 2010. Vermicompost derived from different feedstocks as a plant growth medium. Bioresource Technology, 101(12), 4479-4483.