Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Leaf Yield, Root Colonization Percentage and Some Features of Stevia Rebaudiana Root in a Soilless Culture System

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is a source of strong, natural and free of calorie sweetener that is mainly used in industries and pharmacy. With respect to the importance of this plant, extracting sweetening compounds from this demands production of considerable biomass. Therefore, the effects of mychorrhizal fungus on some characteristics of Stevia’s root organ were studied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized blocks with 4 replications conducted in a greenhouse at Mohghegh Ardebili University in 2014. The first factor included Imma & Angel and Novell nutrient solutions; the second factor included the Planting bed that consisted of Leaf composts vermicompost, and Peat and perlite, and finally, third factor included the inoculation with mychorrhizal fungus and control treatment. The results showed that the highest percentage of root colonization with mycorrhizal was associated with the Novella nutrient solution and vermicompost planting bed, the maximum length of myrrhizae roots and dry weight of the mycorrhizal roots of the Imma & Angel solution and the vermicompost planting bed. In addition, Novell in vermicompost planting bed yielded the largest Leaf dry weight, root volume, root surface and root length after inoculation with mychorrhizal fungus. The largest, root dry weight was observed in case of Imma & Angel solution in vermicompost medium (inoculated with mychorrhizal fungus).
 

Keywords

References

 Abdel-fattah, GM, Migahar, FF and Ibrahim, AH, 2002. Interactive effects of endomycorryhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum and phosphorus fertilization on growth and metabolic activities of broad bean plants under drought stress conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, 5: 835-841.
Al-Karaki GN and Clark RB,1998. Growth, mineral acquisition and water use by mycorrhizal wheat grown under water stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 21:263- 276.
 Anwar M, Patra DD, Chand S, Alpesh K., Naqvi AA, and Khanuja SPS, 2005. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil.
 Aracon NQ, Edward CA and Bierman, P,2006. Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries, Part
2. Effects on soil microbiological and chemical properties. Biore-source Technolgy, 93: 145–153.
 Arancon NQ, Glavis PA and Edwards A, 2005. Suppression of insect pest populations and damage to   plants by vermicomposts. . Bioresource Technology, 96(10): 1137-1142.
Arguello JA, Ledesma A, Nunez SB, Rodriguez CH, and Goldfarb MDD, 2006. Vermicompost effects on blubbing dynamics, nonstructural carbohydrate content, yield and quality of Rosado Paraguay garlic bulbs. Horticulture Science, 4(3): 589-592
 Askary M, Mostajeran A and Amooaghaei, R, 2009. Influence of the co-inoculation Azospirillum brasilense   and Rhizobum meliloti plus 24-D on grain yield and N P K content of Triticum aestivum (Cv Baccros and mahdavi).   American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture Environment Science, 5(3): 296- 307.
Azarpour. E, Karim Motaned M and Bosorgi H, 2013. Agriculture and promote Stevia (botany, planting, harvesting, chemistry, manufacturing and processing)., Islamic Azad University Branch, Iran, Lahijan.
Azizi M, Rezvani F, Hassan Zadeh M, Lakzian A and Nemati H, 2009. Effects of vermicompost and  irrigation on morphological traits and essential oil of chamomile. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 24(1): 82-93. (In Persian).
Azcon G, de Aguilar C, Azcon R., and Barea JM, 1979. Endomycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium as biological fertilisers for Medicago sativa in normal cuntivation. Nature, 279:325-365.
Bagherifam S and Lakzian A, 2012. Effect of mycorrhiza fungi and different amounts of phosphorus on uranium uptake in sunflower. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 47(1): 8-18.
Barea JM and Jeffries  P, 1995. Arbuscular mycorrhizas in sustainable soil plant systems. In: Hock B, Varma A (eds) Mycorrhiza structure, function, molecular biology and biotechnology. Springer, Heidelberg, 521-559.
Ben U and Kafkafi A, 2002. Melons, cucumber and pepper fruit quality as affected by timing, duration and concentration of phosphate and nitrogen source in recycle hydroponic system. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25: 1563-1583.
Benton J, 2005. Hydroponics- A practical guide for the soilless grower. CRC Press, 423.
Berta G, Fusconi A and Hooker  J, 2002. Arbuscular mycorrhizal modifications to plant root systems: scale, mechanisms and consequences. In Gianinazzi, S., H. Schüepp, J. M. Barea and K. Haselwandter (Eds.). Mycorrhiza Technology in Agriculture, from Genes to Bioproducts . Basel, Switzerland: Verlag, Pp. 71-85.
Cocking EC, 2003.  Endophytic colonization of plant roots by nitrogen fixing bacteria. Plant Soil, 252: 169-175.
 Darzi MT, Ghalavand A and Rejali F, 2008. Effect of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer application on flowering, biological yield and root colonization in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 10(1): 88-109. (In Persian ).
Das K and Dang R, 2010. Influense of biofertiizers on stevioside content in stevia rebadudiana grown in acidic soil condition. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2: 44-49.
Davidson H, Mecklenburg  R and Peterson C, 1998. Nursery management: administration and culture. Inc. New Jersey, 173.
Davies JrFT, Puryear JD, Newton  RJ, Egill JN and Jrossi Ja S, 2001.Mycorrhizla fungienhance accumulation and olerance of chromium In sunflower. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 158(6): 777-786.
Debnath M, 2008. Clonal propagation and antimicrobial activity of an endemic medicinal plant Stevia rebaudiana. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 2(2): 45-51.
Edwards CA and Burrows I, 1988. The potential of earthworm composts as plant growth media. Netherlands: b.v. Pp. 211-220.
Geuns JM, 2003. Molecules of interest- stevioside. Phytochemostry, 64: 913-921.
Gosling P, Hodge A, Goodlass G and Bending GD, 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 113(1-4): 17-35.
Gregerson S, Jeppesen PB, Holst J and Hermansen K, 2004. Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabol,  53(1): 73-76.
Gupta ML, Prasad A, Ram M and Kumar S, 2002. Effect of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasiculatum on the essential oil yield related characters and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) under field conditions. Bioresource Technology, 81(1): 77-79.
Hart MM and Klironomos JN, 2002. Diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal  fungi and ecosystem functioning. In: van der Heijden MGA, 481 Sanders IR (eds) Mycorrhizal ecology. Springer-Verlag, Pp. 225-242.
Hesieh HM, Chan P, Mon S, Liu J and Liang T, 2003. Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mila essential hypertension: a two- year, randomize, placebo- controlled study. Clin Therap, 25: 2797- 2808.
Imma F and Angel M, 2006. Potato minituber production using aeroponics: Effect of plant density and harvesting intervals. American Journal of Potato Research, 83: 47-53.
Jeffries P and Barea JM, 2002. Arbuscular mycorrhiza—a key component of sustainable plant-soil ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Pp:  95-113.
Johansson JF, Paul LR and Finlay RD, 2004. Microbial interactions in the mycorrhizosphere and their significance for sustainable agriculture.  Microbiology Ecology, 48: 1-13.
Kapoor R, Giri B and Mukerji G, 2001. Mycorrhization of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) to enhance the concentration and quality of essential oil . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 339-342.
Karthikeyan B, Jaleel CA, Gopi R. and Delveekasundarm M, 2007. Alterations in seedling vigour and antioxidant enzyme activitvities in Catharanthus roseus under seed priming with native diazotrophs. Journal of Zhejiang University, Science, 8(7): 453-457.
Khan AG, 2005. Mycorrhizas and phytoremediation. In: Willey, N. (ed.): method in biotechnology-phytoremediation. methods and reviews. Totowa, USA: Humana Press. 494p.
Manjunath A, Mohan R. and  Bagyaraj DJ, 1983. Response of citrus to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation in unsterile soil. American Journal of Botany, 61: 2729-2732.
Marulanda A, Porcel R, Barea JM and Azcon R,2007. Drought tolerance and antioxidant activities in lavender plants colonized by native drought-tolerant or drought sensitive Glomus species. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 54(3): 543-552.
Mishra P, Singht R, Kumar U and Prakash V, 2010. Stevia rebaudiana A magical sweetener. Global Journal of Biotecnology and Biochemistry, 5:  62-74.
Mohammad MJ, Pan WL and Kennedy AC, 1995. Wheat responses to vesicular and arbusculsr mycorrhizal fungi inoculation of soil from eroded to posequence. Journal of American Society of Soil Science, 59: 1086. 1090.
Novella MB, Andriolo JL, Bisognin DA, Melo CC and Guerra BM, 2008. Concentration of nutrient solution in the hydroponic production of potato minitubers. Ciencia Rural, Santa Maria, 38(6): 1529-1533.
Phillips JM and Hayman DS, 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection TransBrit. Mycological Society, 55:158–161.
Pramanik K. and  Singh RK, 2003. Effect of levels and mode of phosphorus application with and without biofertilizer on yield and nutrient uptake by chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Ann. Agriculture Research New Sciences, 24(4): 768.
Ratti N, Kumar S, Verma HN. and Gautam SP, 2001. Improvement in bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogon martinii var. Motia by rhizobacteria, AMF and azospirillum inoculation. Journal of Microbiology Research, 156(2): 145-149.
Ravikumar S, Kathiresan K, Thadedus Maria Ignatiammal S, Babu Selvam M. and Shanthy S, 2004. Nitrogenfixing azotobacters from mangrove habitat and their utility as marine biofertilizers. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 312: 5 - 17.
Roy, D.K., and Singh, B.P, 2006. Effect of level and time of nitrogen application with and without vermicompost on yield, yield attributes and quality of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 51: 40-42.
Russo, A., Vettori, L., Felici, C., Fiaschi, G., Morini, S. and Toffanin, A, 2008. Enhanced micropropagation response and biocontrol effect of Azospirillum brasilense on Pruny cerasifera plants . Journal Biotechnology, 134(3–4):312–319.
Safapour M, Ardakani MR, Khaghani S, Teymoori M, Hezaveh H. and Mafakheri S, 2012. Phytohormonal and polyamines changes of three red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) genotypes as affected by Tripartite symbiosis with Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium.Archives Des Sciences, 65(4): 235-240.
Singh SD and Rao GP, 2005. Stevia: The herbal sugar of the 21st century.  Sugar Technology, 7: 1724.
Smith SE. and Read DJ, 2008. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, New York., 532.
Vamerial TM, Saccomani S, Bona G, Mosca M. and Ganis A, 2003. A Comparison of root characteristics in relation to nutrient and water stress in two maize hybrids. Plant Soil, 255:157-167.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Volume 29, Issue 2
July 2019
Pages 189-204

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics