Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Forage Sorghum Using Zinc Sulfate and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

      In order to study of the effects of nitrogen and zinc sulfate fertilizer on yield and yield components of  forage sorghum (var. Pegah), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications on farm of agricultural jihad Qasr Shirin, Kermanshah Province. The treatments were included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 125, 250 and 375 kg.ha-1) by urea and three levels of zinc sulfate (0, 40 and 80 kg.ha-1). The results showed that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and zinc sulfate was significant on the content of photosynthetic pigments, Cu concentration, plant height and dry forage yield. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer was significant on the concentration of Fe and Mg, nitrogen content of plant, the number of tiller and fresh forage yield. According to the results this study, it be suggested that  nitrogen and zinc sulfate fertilizer be appliedas 375 and 80 kg.ha-1, respectively.
 
 

Keywords


Abdul-Jaleel C, Manivannan P, Sankar B, Kishorekumar A, Gopi R and Panneerselvam R. 2007. Pseudomonas fluoresense enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloids and Surface B: Biointerfaces, 60: 7-11.
Alam SM, Khan MA, AN M, & Ansah R. 2001. Effect of Different Levels of Zinc and Phosphorus on Seedling Growth, Chlorophyll and Peroxidase Contents of Rice. On Line Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 49-51. ‏
Alizadeh O. 2010. Evaluation effect of water stress and nitrogen rate of absorption some macro and micro elements in corn mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences,4(2): 153-158.
Balestrasse K, Gardey B, Gallego SM and Tomaro ML, 2001. Response of antioxidant defence system in soybean nodules and roots subjected to cadmium stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 28: 497-504.
Bradstreet RB.1954. Kjeldahl method for organic nitrogen. Analytical Chemistry, 26(1), 185-187.
Baniabbass Z, Zamani G and Sayyari M.2012. Effect of drought stress and zinc sulfate on the yield and some physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus. annuus L.). Environmental Biology,
6: 518-525
Barker AV, and Pilbeam DJ. 2007. Handbook of plant nutrition. CRC press, Boca Raton, USA.
Beale SI. 1999. Enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Photosynthesis Research, 60:43-73. 
Castellanos JZ,  Lazcano A, Sosa Baldibia V, Badillo and Villalobos S. 1999. Nitrogen Fertilization and Plant Nutrient Status Monitoring – the Basis for High Yields and Quality of Broccoli in Potassium Rich Vertisols of Central Mexico. Better Crops International,13(2): 25-27.
Cirilo AG, and Andrade FH. 1994b. Sowing date and maize productivity. II. Kernel number determination. Crop Science, 34: 1044-1046.
Cox WJ, Skalonge DJR, Cherney and Reid WS. 1993. Growth, yield, and quality of forage maize underdifferent nitrogen management practices. Agronomy Journal. 85: 341-347
Daghan H, Uygur V, Koleli N, Arslan M and Eren A. 2013. The effect of heavy metal treatments on uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in transgenic and non-transgenic tobacco plants. Journal of Agricultural Science, 19(2): 129-139.
Der HN, Vaghasia PM and Verma HP. 2015. Effect of foliar application of potash and Micronutrients on growth and yield attributes of groundnut. Journal of Agricultural Research, 36(3): 275-278.
Dong J, Wu F and Zhang G. 2006. Influence of cadmium on antioxidant capacity and four microelement concentrations in tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chemosphere, 64(10):1659-1666.
Fageria NK,  Morais OP, and Santos AB. 2010. Nitrogen use efficiency in upland rice genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33: 1696-1711.
Esitken A, Yildiz HE, Ercisli S, Figen Donmez M, Turan M and Gunes A. 2010. Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on yield, growth and nutrient contents of organically grown strawberry. Scientia Horticulture, 124: 62–66.
Ghorbanli M. 2005. MineralNutritionof Plants. Tarbiat Modarres University Press. 235pp. (In Persian).
Gross J.1999. Pigment in vegetables. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 351 p
House LR. 1985. A guide to sorghum Breeding. ICRISAT. Patancheru P O and Hra oradesh, 344-502, India.
Kasraei P, Nour Mohamadi Gh, Shahmoradi Sj, and Forman Ojrilo A. 2000.Evaluation of seed vigour of seven forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) lines. P. 225-226.Proceeding of 6th Iranian Congerss of Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Babolsar University of Mazandaran.
Khalili Mahaleh J, Rashdi M. 2008. Effect of foliar application of micro nutrient on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 704 silage corn in Khoy. Seed and Plant, 4(2): 281-292.
Khazaee A and Fouman A. 2012. Evaluation of Drought tolerance in Advanced Grain Sorghum cultivars and lines under low irrigation stress conditions. Journal of Crop Products, 5 (3): 63-79.
Marschner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants.2nd ed., Academic Press. Harcourt Brace Company,Pub. Co., New York.889 p.
Marschner H and Cakmak I. 1989. High light intensity enhances chlorosis and necrosis in leaves of zinc-, potassium- and magnesium-deficient bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Journal of Plant Physiology. 134:308-319.
Rahimi A, & Bussler W. 1979. Die Entwicklung und der Zn−, Fe− und P-Gehalt höherer Pflanzen in Abhängigkeit vom Zinkangebot. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie, 142(1), 15-27.
Rengel Z. 1995. Carbonic anhydrase activity in leaves of wheat genotypes differing in zinc deficiency. Journal of Plant Physiology, 147:251-256.
Ruiz JM, Baghour M, and Romers L. 2000. Efficiency of the different genotypes of tomato in relation to foliar content of Fe and the response of some bioindicators. Plant Nutrition, 23: 1777-1786.
Sharma A, Patni B, Shankhdhar D, Shankhdhar SC. 2013. Zinc – An Indispensable nutrient. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 19(1):11–20
Sharma PN, Kumar N, and Bisht SS. 1994. Effect of zinc deficiency on chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and water relations of cauliflower plants. Photosynthetic, 30:353-359.
Staal M,  Maathuis, FGM,  Elzenga, JTM, Overbeek JHM and Prins HBA. 1991. Na+/K+ antiport activity and tonoplast vesicles from roots of the salt tolerant Plantago maritima and the salt sensitive Plantago madia. Physiologia Plantarum. 82:179-184.
Tadayyon A, Raiesi F. 2008. The response of various ecotypes of common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia L.) to the foliar application of nitrogen, iron and zinc in a cold climate of Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province. Iranian Journal Agriculture, 6(1) pp: 41-48
Turget J and Dumen E. 2005. Production of sweet sorghum increase with increased plant densities and nitrogen fertilizer level.Plant Science: 236-240.
Uhart SA, and Andrade FH. 1995. Nitrogen deficiency in maize: I. Effects on crop growth, development. Dry matter partitioning, and kernel set. Crop Science, 35: 1376-1383.
White PJ, Broadky MR. 2005.  Biofortifying crops with essential mineral elements. Trends Plant Science.  10: 586–593.
Zare DS, Asrar Z, & Mehrabani M. 2007. Effect of Zinc on growth and some physiological and biochemical parameters of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.). Iranian Journal of Biology. 20(3): 230 – 241.