بررسی اثرات کاربرد کود دامی و تلقیح بذر با آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفروم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

اهداف: برای داشتن یک نظام کشاورزی پایدار، استفاده از نهاده‌هایی که جنبه‌های بوم شناختی را بهبود بخشند و مخاطرات محیطی را کاهش دهند، ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد.
مواد و روشها: به منظور ارزیابی کاربرد کود نیتروژن و تلقیح بذر با آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفروم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه دارویی زیره سبز، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در بهار سال 1399 در دانشگاه پیام نور فریدونشهر اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش، تلقیح بذر با آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفروم در دو سطح (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح بذر) و کود دامی چهار سطح (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار) بودند.
یافتهها: با افزایش مصرف کود دامی تا 30 تن در هکتار، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته، تعداد چترک در چتر، تعداد دانه در چتر، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت. همچنین در مقایسه با تیمار عدم تلقیح، تلقیح با کود آزوسپیریلوم تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته، تعداد چترک در چتر و وزن هزار دانه را افزایش داد. بررسی میانگین اثر متقابل کودهای آزوسپیریلوم و دامی نشان داد که تیمار تلقیح با کود آزوسپیریلوم و مصرف 10 تن کود دامی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (33/81 گرم در متر مربع) را تولید کرد.
نتیجهگیری: اجزای عملکرد با افزایش سطوح کود دامی و حضور باکتری افزایش یافت اما به نظر میرسد در خاکی که به لحاظ عناصر غذایی (کاربرد کود دامی) در وضعیت مناسبی است، اثرات مفید باکتری به خوبی بروز نمی کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the effects of manure and seed inoculation with Azospirillum manure on yield and yield components of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohrab Adavi
  • Hamid Dehghanzadeh
Pnu
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective: Nowadays, to have a sustainable agricultural system, the application of inputs that improve the aspects of ecological systems and reduce environmental hazards are necessary.

Materials & Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of application of manure and growth promoting rhizobacteria on Cumin on yield and yield component, a factorial experiment conducted on the basis of completely randomized block design with three replicates at Payam Noor University of Fereydoonshar in the spring of 2020. Experimental treatments were seed inoculation with biofertilizer at two levels (seed inoculation and no inoculation) and nitrogen manure fertilizer at four levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 ton/ha-1).

Results: With increasing manure consumption from 0 to 30 ton/ha-1 of the recommended, significantly increased plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbellate per umbel, number of seed per umbel, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and seed yield up to respectively. Also, in comparison with non-inoculation treatment, inoculation treatment increased number of branches per plant, number of umbellate per umbel and 1000- seed weight up to respectively. Mean comparisons for interaction of manure × biofertilizer indicated that the treatment of seed inoculation with consumption of 40 kg/ha-1 recommended manure, produced the highest seed yield.

Conclusion: Yield components increased with increasing levels of manure and the presence of bacteria, but it seems that in soil that is in good condition in terms of nutrients (application of manure), there is not much ground for beneficial effects of bacteria.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bacteria
  • seed inoculation
  • yield
  • biological fertilizers
  • cumin
Agha Alikhani M, Iranpour A and Cash H. 2012. Changes in agronomic and phytochemical yield of anthrax under the influence of urea and biofertilizer. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 12 (1): 136-121. (In Persian).
Ardakani M, Akbarian Z and Nazarian A. 2011. Effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) oil on serum glucose and lipid levels of rat. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 19(3): 388-399. (In Persian).
Azzaz NA, Hassan RA and Hamad EH. 2009. The chemical constituent and vegetative and yielding characteristics of fennel plants treated with organic and biofertilizer instead of mineral fertilizer. Australian  Journal Basic and Applied Science. 27 (3): 579-587.
Biari A, Gholami A and Rahmani HA. 2008. Growth promotion and enhanced nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) by application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in arid region of Iran. Journal of Biological Sciences, 8: 1015-1020.
Birdane, FM, Cemek M, Birdane YO Gulcin ME. and Buyukokuroglu M. 2007. Beneficial effects of Foeniculum vulgare on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. J. Plant Nutrition, 13:607-11.
Chatzopoulou P, Koutsos TV, and Katsiotis ST. 2006. Study of nitrogen fertilization rate of fennel cultivars for essential oil yield and composition. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12: 85–93.
Fatma  EM, El-Zamik T, Tomader HI, El-Hadidy L. Abd El-Fattah and H.Seham Salem. 2006. Efficiency of biofertilizers, organic and in organic amendments application on growth and essential oil pf marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous .Agric. Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Zagazig University and Soil Fertility and Microbiology Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
 Ghilavizadeh A., M. Taghi Darzi and M. Haj Seyed Hadi. 2013. Effect of biofertilizer and plant density on essential oil content and yield traits of ajowan (Carum copticum). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 14 (11): 1508-1512.
Gujar, S.M., A.D. Warade, M. Anjali and D.H. Paltankar. 2005. Effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth, seed yield and quality of coriander. Journal of Crop Research, 29: 288-291.
Hafeez, F.Y., M.E. Safdar, A.U. Chaudry, and K.A. Malik. 2004. Rhizobial inoculation improves seedling emergence, nutrient uptake and growth of cotton. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,

44: 617-622.
Kandeel AM, Naglaa SAT, Sadek AA, 2002. Effect of biofertilizers on the growth, volatile oil yield and chemical composition of (Ocimum basilicum L). J. Agricultural Science, 47:351–371.
Khoramdel, S., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahalati, M., and Ghorbani, R. 2010. Effects of biological manure on yield and component yield of (Nigella sativa L.). J. Field Crop. Research, 8: 768-776.
Kumar, T.S., V. Swaminathan and S. Kumar. 2009. Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil constituents in ratoon crop of davana (Artemisia pallens Wall.). Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 8:86-95.
Mahfouz, S.A. and M.A. Sharaf-Eldin, M.A. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophysics, 21: 361-366.
Mandal, A., A.K. Patra, D. Singh, A. Swarup and R. Ebhin Masto. 2007. Effect of long-term application of manure and fertilizer on biological and biochemical activities in soil during crop development stages. Biotechnology, 98: 3585-3592.
Mohamed, M. and M. Abdu. 2004. Growth and oil production of fennel: effect of irrigation and organic fertilization. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 22: 31– 39.
Nagananda, G.S., A. Das, S. Bhattacharya and T. Kalpana. 2010. In vitro studies on the effects of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Rhizobium) on seed germination and development of (Trigonella foenum-graecum L). using a novel glass marble containing liquid medium. International Journal of Botany, 6: 394-403.
Nofal, O.A. and A.L. Rezk. 2009. Role of fertilization in improving quality of some agricultural crops. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 1: 59-65.
Patel, B.S., A.U. Amin, K.P. Patel and  M.M. Patel. 2003. Influence of organic manures alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer on productivity of winter drilled fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 48: 232–234.
Rahimi, A., A. Mehrafarin, H. Naghdi Badi and F. Khalighi-Sigaroodi. 2013. Effects of bio-stimulators and bio-fertilizers on morphological traits of basil (Ocimum bacilicum L.). Journal of Biological Research, 4: 146-151.
Seran, T.H. and I. Brintha. 2010. Review on maize based intercropping. Journal of Agronomy, 9: 135-145.
Shaalan, M.N. 2005. Influence of  biofertilizers and chicken manure on growth, yield and seeds quality of (Nigella sativa L.) plants. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 83: 811-828.
Sokhangoy, S.H., K.H. Ansari and A.D. Eradatmand. 2012. Effect of bio-fertilizers on performance of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.). J. Plant Physiology, 4: 552-547.
Tehlan, S.K., K.K. Thakral and J.K. Nandal. 2011. Effect of Azotobacter on plant growth and seed yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 33: 287-288.
Tilak, K.V., N. Ranganayaki, K.K. Pal R.D. Saxena, A.K. Shekhar, C. Nautiyal, S. Mittal, A.K. Tripathi and B.N. Johri. 2005. Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Current Science, 89: 136-150.
Vinutha, T. 2009, Biochemical Studies on Ocimum sp. Inoculated with Microbial Inoculants. M.Sc, (Agri.) thesis, University of Agricultural Science, Bangalore, India.
Vital, W.M., N.T. Teixeira, R. Shigihara and A.F.M. Dias. 2008. Organic manuring with pigbiosolids with applications of foliar biofertilizers in the cultivation of dill (Anethum gravolens). Ecossistema, 27: 69-70.
Yasari, E. A.M. Esmaeili Azadgoleh, H. Pirdashti and S. Mozafari. 2008. Azotobacter and Azospirillum inoculants as biofertilizers in canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivation. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 7: 490-494.