تأثیر سامانه‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی بر ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک و صفات کمی ارقام مختلف گندم در اراضی دیم منطقه دالاهو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد اکولوژیک (اگرواکولوژی)، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، ایران

5 دانشیار معاونت موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: با توجه به کشت وسیع گندم در دیم‌زارهای استان کرمانشاه و عدم مدیریت صحیح بقایای گیاهی توسط کشاورزان شرایط اقتضا می‌نماید تا برای مدیریت صحیح بقایا و کشت گندم چاره‌اندیشی شود. به همین منظور آزمایشی با هدف بررسی تأثیر سامانه‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک و صفات کمی ارقام مختلف گندم در اراضی دیم منطقه دالاهو انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. سامانه-های خاک‌ورزی (خاک‌ورزی مرسوم، بی‌خاک‌ورزی، خاک‌ورزی کاهشی) به‌عنوان کرت‌های اصلی و 26 ژنوتیپ گندم به-عنوان کرت‌های فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک، تغییر ماده آلی خاک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر سامانه‌های خاک‌ورزی، ژنوتیپ و اثر متقابل خاک‌ورزی در ژنوتیپ قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش عمق، دمای خاک کاهش و رطوبت خاک افزایش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: در کشت بی‌خاک‌ورزی تغییر ماده آلی خاک کمتر از سایر سامانه‌های خاک‌ورزی بود. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه گندم (6658 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تحت اثر متقابل مربوط ژنوتیپ Mirzabey (Durum) (ژنوتیپ 24) در سامانه بی‌خاک‌ورزی بود. خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی اهمیت بقایا در سطح خاک را در حفظ رطوبت در مناطق دیم اثبات می‌کند و احتمالاً در مناطق دالاهو، روش‌های خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی جهت بهبود عملکرد بهتر باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different tillage systems on the physical characteristics of the soil and the quantitative traits of different wheat varieties of the dry lands of Dalahoo region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Victoria Ramezani 1
  • hamidreza chaghazardi 2
  • Ali Beheshti Ale Agha 3
  • danial kahrizi 4
  • Reza Haqparast 5
1 Msc. of Ecology (Agroecology) Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Science and Agriculture Engineering, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran
5 Associated Professor, Dryland agricultural research sub-institute, Kermanshah Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Considering the extensive cultivation of wheat in the drylands of Kermanshah province and the lack of proper management of plant residues by farmers, it is necessary to think of a solution for the proper management of residues and wheat cultivation. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of different tillage systems on soil physical characteristics and quantitative traits of different wheat cultivars in the drylands of Dalahoo region.

Materials and Methods: A split-plot experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Tillage systems (conventional tillage, no-tillage, reduced tillage) were investigated as main plots and 26 wheat genotypes as secondary plots. Soil physical characteristics and wheat yield and yield components were investigated.

Results: The results showed the physical characteristics of the soil, the change of soil organic matter, and the yield and yield components of wheat significantly. They were affected by tillage systems, genotype, and interaction effect of tillage in genotype. The results showed that with increasing depth, soil temperature decreased and soil moisture increased.

Conclusion: In no-till cultivation, the change of soil organic matter was less than other tillage systems. The highest amount of wheat grain yield (6658 kg/ha) was under the interaction effect of Mirzabey (Durum) genotype (genotype 24) in no-tillage system. Conservation tillage proves the importance of residues on the soil surface in maintaining moisture in drylands, and probably in Dalahoo areas, conservation tillage methods are better for improving yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation Tillage
  • Dry Lands
  • Soil Moisture
  • Soil Organic Matter
  • Wheat Genotype
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