تأثیر خاکپوش‌های آلی و پلاستیکی بر زیست توده علف‌های هرز، شاخص های کیفی و عملکردپیاز خوراکی (Allium cepa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی دانشگاه جیرفت

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه جیرفت

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران.

چکیده

آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 99-1398 در مزرعه ای واقع در شهرستان جیرفت اجرا شد. .تیمارهای آزمایش شامل پنج سطح خاکپوش غیرآلی پلاستیک سیاه، پلاستیک سفید، خاکپوش آلی از نوع کاه و کلش گندم، وجین دستی و تیمار شاهد بودند. بیشترین ارتفاع سوخ (1/73 میلی متر)، قطر سوخ (69 میلی متر)، قطر گلوگاه (3/13 میلی‌متر) و عملکرد سوخ ( 55707 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، حداکثر دما و درصد رطوبت وزنی خاک در تیمار خاکپوش سیاه به‌دست آمد. بطوریکه عملکرد سوخ، قطر سوخ واسیدهای آلی در تیمار خاکپوش سیاه نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب 8/48، 6/46 و 3/31 درصد افزایش داشت و بیشترین مقدار گوگرد در تیمار کاه و کلش مشاهده شد که با تیمار خاکپوش سیاه تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. بیشترین و کمترین زیست‌توده علف های ‌هرز به ترتیب در مرحله اول و سوم نمونه برداری در تیمار شاهد و خاکپوش سیاه حاصل شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی پیاز تحت تاثیر نوع خاکپوش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت به‌طوری که استفاده از خاکپوش مناسب در کاهش تعداد و زیست‌توده علف‌های هرز و تولید عملکرد مطلوب پیاز خوراکی نقش بسزایی داشت. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق تیمار خاکپوش پلاستیک سیاه بهترین تیمار جهت کنترل علف های هرز و تولید عملکرد مطلوب پیشنهاد می گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of organic and plastic mulches on weed biomass, quality indicators and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Amiri Ghanat Saman 1
  • mahdieh amiri nejad 2
  • Bahareh Parsa Motlagh 3
1 1. MS Graduated of Agroecology, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of different mulches on weed biomass weight, yield and some physiological characteristics of onions, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at sample field in Jiroft area at 2019-2020 growing season. Experimental treatments included levels five inorganic mulch of black plastic, white plastic, organic mulch of wheat straw, weeding and control treatment. Traits such as plant height, bulb height, bulb diameter, neck diameter, bulb yield, TSS, bulb sulfur content, percentage of acid, soil temperature, soil moisture content and weed biomass weight were evaluated in three stages. The results showed that all the studied traits except TSS were significantly affected by different mulches. The highest bulb height (73.1 mm), bulb diameter (69 mm), neck diameter (13.3 mm), bulb yield (55707 kg/ha), The highest amount of sulfur was observed in the straw and stubble treatment, There was no significant difference with black mulch treatment. Three types of dominant weeds such as wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), malva (Malva neglecta L.) and leek (Chenopodium album L.) were observed in the studied onion field. The highest and lowest weed biomass of weeds were obtained in the first and third stages of sampling in control and black mulch. The use of appropriate mulch was effective in reducing the number and biomass of weeds and producing optimal yield of onion. According to the research results, black mulch treatment is the best treatment to control weeds and produce optimal yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bulb yield
  • Neck diameter
  • Soil moisture
  • Soil temperature
  • TSS
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