تأثیر تنش خشکی، نانوسوپرجاذب و کودهای زیستی بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد کلزای بهاره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تخصصی

2 عضو هیات علمی آموزشی دانشگاه تبریز

3 عضو هیئت علمی گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

4 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، گرایش گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

5 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی تولید و پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز،

چکیده

اهداف: ارزیابی تأثیر تیمارهای نانوسوپرجاذب و کودهای زیستی بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کلزای بهاره تحت سطوح مختلف فراهمی آب از اهداف این تحقیق بود.
مواد و روش‌ها :دو آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در سال‌های 1397 و 1398 به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل براساس طرح بلوک‌های
کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری در سه سطح، آبیاری بعد از تبخیر 70 ،120 و 170 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک کلاسA در کرت‌های اصلی و تیمارهای نانوسوپرجاذب در دو سطح (0 و 45 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تیمارهای کودی در چهار سطح: شاهد، کیتوزان، باکتری‌های محرک رشد و کیتوزان + باکتری‌های محرک رشد به-صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: محتوای نیتروژن و فسفر، درصد آب برگ، درصد پوشش سبز، محتوای کلروفیل، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه و برگ در بوته، تعداد نیام‌ در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، محصول بیولوژیکی و به تبع آن‌ها محصول دانه کاهش یافتند، اما دمای برگ‌های کلزا افزایش یافت. کاربرد تیمارهای کودی به‌ویژه تیمار تلفیقی کودهای زیستی + نانوسوپرجاذب تحت تمامی سطوح آبیاری منجربه بهبود این صفات و محصول دانه کلزا به‌خصوص در تنش شدید گردید. کاربرد نانوسوپرجاذب به‌تنهایی فقط تحت تنش متوسط و شدید منجربه بهبود این صفات نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بهبود صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اجزای محصول درنهایت موجب افزایش محصول دانه گیاهان کلزا شد. بنابراین، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد تلفیقی نانوسوپرجاذب با کودهای زیستی می‌تواند روشی مؤثر در بهبود محصول کلزا شرایط تنش خشکی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of drought stress, nanosuperabsorbent and biofertilizers on morphophysiological characteristics and performance of Spring Canola (Brassica napus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hajar Valipur 1
  • jalil Shafagh 2
  • Kazem Ghassemi golezani 3
  • Saeideh Alizadeh-salteh 4
  • Mina Amani 5
1 PhD student
2 university of Tabriz
3 Member of the Faculty of Plant Ecophysiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University
4 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Orientation of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
5 PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of ‎Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.‎
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of nanosuperabsorbent treatments and biofertilizers on some morphophysiological characteristics, yield and yield components of Spring Canola seed under different levels of irrigation.
Methods & Materials
The field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 as a factorial split plot based on a randomized complete block design in 3 replications. The treatments include irrigation at three levels (irrigation after evaporation of 70, 120 and 170 mm of evaporation from the Class A pan in the main plots) and nanosuperabsorbent treatments at two levels (0 and 45 kg/ha) and fertilizer treatments at four levels: control, Chitosan, growth-stimulating bacteria and chitosan + growth-stimulating bacteria were factorially placed in sub-plots.
Results
Nitrogen and phosphorus content, leaf water percentage, green cover percentage, chlorophyll content, plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per plant, biological yield and consequently grain yield decreased, but the temperature Canola leaves increased. The application of fertilizer treatments, especially the combined treatment of biofertilizers + nano-superabsorbent under all irrigation levels, led to the improvement of these traits and rape seed yield, especially under severe stress.
Conclusion
Improvement of morphophysiological traits and product components ultimately increased seed yield. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combined application of nanosuperabsorbent with biofertilizers can be an effective method to improve grain yield under drought stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chitosan
  • Drought
  • Growth promoting bacteria
  • Physiological characteristics
  • Seed yield
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