تأثیر کنترل شیمیایی و غیرشیمیایی علف‌های هرز بر صفات رشدی و عملکرد گلرنگ بهاره (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی آموزشی دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر

3 دانش‌آموخته گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی تولید و پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز،

چکیده

اهداف: با توجه به افزایش جمعیت جهان در سالهای اخیر و نیاز روزافزون جوامع بشری بویژه کشور ما به فراورده‌های دانه‌های روغنی، مدیریت صحیح زراعی برای افزایش عملکرد، از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. مطالعه حاضر باهدف تأثیر روش‌های مختلف کنترل علف‌های‌هرز بر صفات رویشی و شاخص برداشت گلرنگ انجام شد.
مواد و روشها: آزمایشی بصورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار به‌منظور بررسی اثر مالچ کاه و کلش، گیاهان پوششی و علف‌کش‌ها در مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز گلرنگ بهاره در مزرعه جهاد کشاورزی کلیبر، واقع در استان آذربایجان شرقی انجام شد. ارزیابی صفات رشدی و عملکرد گلرنگ در فصل رشد و بعد از برداشت اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده از این بررسی، روش‌های کنترل علف‌های‌هرز تأثیر معنی‌داری بر صفات تعداد برگ و تعداد ساقه فرعی گلرنگ نداشت، ولی سایر صفات مورد بررسی به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر روش‌های کنترل علف هرز قرار گرفت. بیشترین افزایش در ارتفاع بوته (5/38 درصد) تعداد برگ (32 درصد)، وزن خشک ساقه (9/22 درصد)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (5/48 درصد) و شاخص برداشت (5/54 درصد)، در تیمار علف‌کش تریفلورالین + مالچ کاه و کلش گندم حاصل شد،
نتیجه گیری: در کل نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که کنترل علف‌های‌هرز در مزرعه گلرنگ در مراحل اولیه رشدی مؤثرتر از مراحل پیشرفته‌تر است و می‌تواند بیانگر حساسیت گلرنگ به رقابت علف‌های‌هرز در مراحل اولیه رشد گلرنگ باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of chemical and non-chemical weed control on the growth characteristics and yield of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • jalil Shafagh 1
  • Mohsen Sabzi nojadeh 2
  • Hedayat Derakhshani 3
  • Mina Amani 4
1 university of Tabriz
2 UniverDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resourcessity of Tabriz
3 Graduated from Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
4 PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of ‎Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.‎
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective: Considering the increase in world population in recent years and the growing need of human societies, especially in our country, for oilseed products, proper agricultural management is very important to increase yield. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effect of different weed control methods on the growth traits and yield of safflower.
Methods & Materials: An experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted to investigate the effect of straw and stubble mulch, cover plants, and herbicides in the management of spring safflower weeds in Jihad Agriculture Kalibar Farm, located in East Azarbaijan Province. Evaluation of growth traits and safflower yield was measured during the growing season and after harvest.
Results: Based on the results obtained from this study, weed control methods had no significant effect on the number of leaves and the number of secondary stems. Other investigated traits were significantly affected by weed control methods. Apart from weed control, the greatest increase in plant height (38.5%), number of leaves (32%), stem dry weight, shoot dry weight and harvest index was obtained in the treatment of trifluralin herbicide + straw mulch and wheat stubble.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the control of weeds in the safflower field in the early stages of growth is more effective than in the more advanced stages, and it can indicate the sensitivity of safflower to the competition of weeds in the early stages of safflower growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cover plants
  • Harvest index
  • Herbicide
  • Straw and stubble mulch
  • Weeds
Adıgüzel S and Çavaş T. 2017. Trifluralin,treflan ve etil metan sülfonatın oreochromis niloticus’ta oluşturduğu genotoksik hasar üzerine askorbik asitin antigenotoksik etkisi. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi Cilt, 6(1): 10-19. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.331407
Ahmad S, Raza MA, Saleem MF, Zaheer MS, Iqbal R, Haider I, Aslam MU, Ali M and Khan IH. 2020. Significance of partial root zone drying and mulches for water saving and weed suppression in wheat. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 30(1): 154–162. https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.1.0018
Ahmadi A. 2015. Integrated management of mung bean weeds in the Suleiman Mosque area. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 5, 56-67. (In Persian(.
Alsaadawi IS, Tawfiq AA and Malih HM. 2017. Effect of allelopathic sorghum mulch on growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba) and companion weeds. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection, 12, 123-127.
Andr J, Kočárek M, Jursík M, Fendrychová V and Tichý L. 2017. Effect of adjuvants on the dissipation, efficacy and selectivity of three different pre-emergent sunflower herbicides. Plant Soil Environment, 63(9), 409-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/365/2017-PSE
Ather MN, Idrees NM, Ayub M, Tanveer A and Mubeen K. 2013. Effect of different weed control practices and sowing methods on weeds and yield of cotton. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45, 1321–1328.
Bagavathiannan MV, Beckie HJ, Chantre GR, Gonzalez-Andujar JL, Leon RG, Neve P, Poggio SL, Schutte BJ, Somerville GJ, Werle R and Van Acker A. 2020. Simulation models on the ecology and management of arable weeds: structure, quantitative insights, and applications. Agronomy, 10, 1611-1618. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101611
Behzadnejad J, Tahmasebi-Sarvestani Z, Aein A and Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A. 2020. Wheat straw mulching helps improve yield in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under drought stress. International Journal of Plant Production, 14(2), 389–400. (In Persian https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/2020IJPP...14..389B/doi:10.1007/s42106-020-00091-8)
Bergtold JS, Ramsey S, Maddy L and Williams JR. 2017. A review of economic considerations for cover crops as a conservation practice. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 34(1), 62-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1742170517000278
Biswas BR. 2018. Effect of manure and mulching on growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.). department of horticulture. Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University.
Datta D, Saxena SC and Ghosh S. 2017. Mulch and herbicide impact on weed management, nodulation and quality of soybean [Glycine max L. Merrill]. Annals of Agricultural Research, 38(4), 1-5.
Fernandes TC, Pizano MA, Marin-Morales MA. 2013. Characterization, modes of action and effects of trifluralin: A Review. Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use.
Gage KL and Schwartz-Lazaro LM. 2019. Shifting the Paradigm: An Ecological Systems Approach to Weed Management. Agriculture, 9(8), 179-185. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080179
García-Moreno J, Gordillo-Rivero ÁJ, Zavala LM, Jordán A and Pereira P. 2013. Mulch application in fruit orchards increases the persistence of soil water repellency during a 15-years period. Soil and Tillage Research, 130, 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.02.004
Geethika N, Subramanyam D. Tirumala Reddy S and Umamahesh V. 2020. Effect of plant extracts and rice straw mulch on weed growth and yield of groundnut. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 52(3), 292–295.
Gollojeh K, Ebadi A, Mohebian M and Sabaghnia N. 2013. Herbicide effects on weed control and yield of lentil (Lens cullinaris) in dryland condition. Natura Montenegrina, 12(1), 151-163. (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2002.275.276
Gowda AA and Hassanein AMA. 2011. Efeect of mulching and glyphosate herbicide on growth and fruiting of kadota fig cultivar (Ficus Carica L.) and Growth of Associated Weeds. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 42(5), 97-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2024.284169.1355
Iqbal R, Raza MA, Saleem MF, Khan IH, Ahmad S, Zaheer MS, Aslam MU and Imran H. 2019. Physiological and biochemical appraisal for mulching and partial rhizosphere drying of cotton. Journal of Arid Land, 11(5), 785–794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40333-019-0014-9
Imoloame EO. 2014. The effect(s) of different weed control methods on weed infestation, growth and yield of soybeans (Glycine max (l) merril) in the southern guinea savanna of nigeria. Agrosearch, 14(2), 129-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v14i2.4
Janmohammadi M, Nouraein M and Sabaghnia N. 2017. Influence of different weed management techniques on the growth and essential oils of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 22, 56-67. (In Persian (
Jordan A, Zawala LM and Gill L. 2010. Effects of mulching on soil physical properties and runoff under semi-arid conditions in southern Spain. Catena, 81(1), 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.007
Kader MA, Singha A, Begum MA, Jewel A, Khan FH and Khan NI. 2019. Mulching as water-saving technique in dry land agriculture. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0186-7
Karaismailoglu MC. 2014. Evaluation of potential genotoxic effect of trifluralin in Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower). Caryologia, 67(3), 216-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144235X.2014.974348
Karim Mojeni H, Mohammad Alizadeh H, Majnoon Hosseini N and Peyghambarı S. 2014. The effect of separate and combined application of different herbicides on yield, yield components, important agronomic characteristics of late-cultivation and spring lentils. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36, 209-218. (In Persian .(https://doi.org/10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.84970
Kaye JP and Quemada M. 2017. Using cover crops to mitigate and adapt to climate change. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 37(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-016-0410-x
Khalil Y. 2018. Interaction of pre-emergence herbicides and crop residues in western Australian no-tillage system. Dr thesis. University of Western Australia. (In Persian (
Qaderi MM, Martel AB and Dixon SL. 2019. Environmental factors influence plant vascular system andwater regulation. Plants, 8(3), 1-23. (In Persian (https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8030065
Mahzari S and Baghestani M. 2013. Use of two herbicides, oxyfluorfen and trifluralin, in weed control and Mazand garlic yield. Ecophysiology Scientific Research Journal of Agricultural Plants, 8, 71-82. (In Persian (http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/IJABBR.2016.136
Martínez JM, Raquel Picornell Buendía M, Domínguez Padilla A and Arturo De Juan Valero J. 2020. Comparison of models for describing weed: crop competition. Food Science and Technology, 5, 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.39619
Matinfar M, Saifzadeh S, Shiranirad A, Baghestani M and Metinfar M. 2018. Effects of chemical weed control in different irrigation regimes on weed biomass and safflower yield. Scientific Research Journal of Crop Plants and Weeds Ecophysiology, 17, 53-64.
Megueni C, Ngakou A, Mabong MR and Abdoulaye B. 2011. Weed control and yield improvement of Solanum tuberosum (L.) in Adamawa region (Cameroon) by soil solarization and chicken manure. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 7, 122-132.
Menalled UD, Bybee-Finley KA, Smith RG, DiTommaso A, Pethybridge SJ and Ryan MR. 2020. Soil-mediated effects on weed-crop competition: elucidating the role of annual and perennial intercrop diversity legacies. Agronomy, 10(9), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091373
Nasiri Dehsarkhi A, Makarian H, Qolipour M and Abbas Dekht M. 2016. Investigating the effect of ultrasonic waves and seed priming on seed germination and growth of cowpea under the conditions of trifluralin application. Journal of Plant Protection (Agricultural Sciences and Industries), 31, 40-51. (In Persian (https://doi.org/10.22067/ijpr.v8i2.53957
Nasrullah M, Khan MB, Ahmad R, Ahmad S, Hanif M and Nazeer W. 2011. Sustainable cotton production and water economy through different planting methods and mulching techniques. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(4), 1971–1983.
Parsa M, Aliverdi A and Hammami H. 2013. Effect of the recommended and optimized doses ofhaloxyfop-P-methyl or imazethapyr on soybean-Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum symbiosisMehdi. Industrial Crops and Products, 50, 197-202. (In Persian (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.07.019
Roodi D, Ghadiri H and Maftoon M. 2009. Effect of Trifluralin and Iron on Morphological Characteristics and Iron Absorption of Soybeans. Weed Research Journal, 1, 56-61.
Saeli Z. 2015. Agricultural management of weeds and yield improvement by using mixed cultivation of safflower and canola. Master's thesis. Government - Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology - Tabriz University - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. (In Persian (
Schappert A, Schumacher M and Gerhards R. 2019. Weed control ability of single sown cover crops compared to species mixtures. Agronomy, 9, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060294
Silva JM, de Brito Santos FL, Santos RV, de Oliveira Barreto E, Santos EL, Santana AE, Rodarte RS, Machado SS and Goulart Santana AE. 2017. Determination of genotoxic effect of trifluralin on Colossoma macropomum (Teleostei: Characidae: Serrasalminae, Cuvier, 1816) using a multibiomarker approach. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, 12, 85-93. https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2017.01.11
Singh L and Kumar S. 2020. Effect of live mulches and herbicides on weeds and yield of direct-seeded rice under irrigated conditions. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 52(2), 183–186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2020.00033.7
Sturm DJ. 2018. Cover cropping in integrated weed management. University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. Institute of Phytomedicine, Department of Weed Science.
Tursun N, Işık D, Demir Z and Jabran K. 2018. Use of living, mowed, and soil-incorporated cover crops for weed control in apricot orchards. Agronomy, 8(8), 150-157. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080150
Ye F, Cao HF, Fu Y, Zhao LX and Gao S. 2016. The safener effect of chiral derivatives of 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine against haloxyfop-P-methyl-induced toxicity in maize. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 103(1): 29-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2016.103.004