اثر مدیریت تغذیه و آرایش کاشت بر ویژگی‌های کمّی و کیفی دو رقم توتون (.Nicotiana tabacum L) ویرجینیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 کروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

10.22034/saps.2023.56207.3024

چکیده

اهداف: عملکرد و کیفیت توتون به سه عامل مهم پتانسیل ژنتیکی رقم، شرایط محیطی رشد و عملیات زراعی به‌کار گرفته شده برای رشد محصول بستگی دارد. آزمایش‌هایی که تاکنون صورت گرفته نشان می‌دهد که هر یک از عوامل ذکر شده در راندمان تولید نقش دارند و تشخیص این‌که کدام عامل تاثیر بیشتری دارند دشوار است. هدف از این آزمایش بررسی اثر مدیریت تغذیه و آرایش کاشت بر ویژگی‌های کمّی و کیفی دو رقم توتون ویرجینیا (Nicotiana tabacum L.) بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در سال 1399-1398 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل نحوه مصرف کود سرک نیتروژن (کود شیمیایی اوره، مصرف طبق آزمون خاک)، پتاسیم (کود شیمیایی سولفات پتاسیم، مصرف طبق آزمون خاک)، آرایش کاشت در دو سطح (تک‌ردیفه و دو‌ردیفه) و دو رقم توتون ویرجینیا (TC100 و NC100) در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد رقم TC100 سطح برگ، ارتفاع و عملکرد سبز بیشتری نسبت به رقم NC100 داشت.. همچنین تیمار کود برگی × کاشت دوردیفه از ارتفاع بوته و شاخص کلروفیل (SPAD) بالاتری برخوردار بوده‌است. داده‌ها نشان داد، در کاشت تک‌ردیفه رقم NC100 میزان نیتروژن برگ بیشتر و در هر دو آرایش کاشت (تک‌ردیفه و دوردیفه) درصد نیکوتین برگ بالاتری نسبت به رقم TC100 داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که رقم TC100 در کاشت دوردیفه عملکرد سبز، درآمد و ویژ‌گی‌های کیفی بالاتری نسبت به رقم NC100 داشت. در بین تیمارهای مورد بررسی، کود‌دهی برگی اثر معنی‌داری بر ویژگی‌های کیفی برگ توتون ویرجینیا نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Nutrition Management and Planting Cultivation on The Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Two Varieties of Virginia Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Rahmatzadeh 1
  • Hemmatollah Pirdashti 2
  • Mohammad Ali Esmaeeli 3
  • Rahmat Abasi 1
  • Yasser Yaghoubian 4
1 Department of Agronomy-Faculty of Crop Sciences- Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Department of Agronomy-Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan- Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Department of Agronomy, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
4 Sari
چکیده [English]

Objectives: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of nutrition management and planting arrangement on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two varieties of Virginia tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.).
Materials and methods: The split factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a basic design of randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications in 2018-2019. The treatments included the use of N and K fertilizers, planting arrangement and two varieties of tobacco.
Findings: The results showed that TC100 variety had more leaf area plant, height and green yield than NC100 variety. Also, the plant height and the SPAD value were higher in the treatment of foliar fertilizer × two row cultivation. NC100 variety in single-row cultivation showed higher leaf nitrogen. Leaf nicotine in NC100 variety in both planting cultivation conditions was higher than TC100 variety in the same conditions. Leaf K and sugar contant in TC100 cultivar in two-row cultivation recorded a significant increase. The price of tobacco was affected only by the simple effect of the variety. A kilogram of TC100 leaves has higher price than NC100. The income of tobacco under the interaction of TC100 cultivar was higher than NC100 cultivar in both planting arrangement and fertilization treatments.
Conclusion: the results showed that the TC100 variety in two-row cultivation had higher green yield, income and quality characteristics than the NC100 variety. Among studied treatments, fertilization has not significantly affected the quality properties of tobacco leaves.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Virginia tobacco
  • Top dressing fertilizer
  • Planting cultivation
  • Nutritional
  • Nicotine and Potassium

مراجع

Al-Majdi MH, Ghobadi M and Honarmand SJ. 2020. Effect of light intensity and nitrogen addition on some growth parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Archives, 20: 975-980. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.60.6.868
Azadbakht M, Ghajarjazi E, Kiapei A, Jafari H, Salehi E and Pishgar R. 2016. Effects of variety and plant spacing on weight, surface and yield of tobacco leaf (K326 and 347 Var). Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 8(3): 220-224.
Basha S, Manjunath J, Bai P and Rao C. 2019. Response of bidi tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to foliar nutrition with nitrogen and potassium under rain fed conditions. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(1): 205-207. https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810176550
Bilalis DJ, Travlos IS, Portugal J, Tsioros S, Papatheohari YY, Avgoulas C, Tabaxi I, Alexopoulouc E and Kanatas PJ. 2015. Narrow row spacing increased yield and decreased nicotine content in sun-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 75: 212-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.057
Caliskan O, Dursun K and Ahmet K. 2017. Effects of different levels of foliar NPK fertilizer on agronomic properties of two oriental tobacco varieties. Тутун/Tobacco. 67: 65-71.
Copper V.L. 2010. Effects of plant spacing and height of topping at two nitrogen rates on some agronomic characteristics on bright tobacco. Tobacco Science, 13:150-152.
Coresta, 1994a. Coresta recommended method no. 35. Determination of total alkaloids (as nicotine) in tobacco by continuous flow analysis. Available from: http://www.coresta.org/ Recommended_Methos/ CRM_35.pdf.
Coresta. 1994b. Coresta recommended method no. 38. Determination of reducing carbohydrates in tobacco by continuous flow analysis. Available from: http:// www.coresta.org/ Recommended_Methos/ CRM_38.pdf.
Darabi F, Hatami A, Zare M.Z and Naseri R. 2014. Effect of shading on some important physiological traits in lentil crop. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 9(1): 109-122. https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Article/956498?FullText=FullText
Dursun K. 2021. Impacts of environmental variations on quality and chemical contents of oriental tobacco. Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research, 30: 50-62. https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2021-0006
Eriksen M, Mackay J, Schluger N, Gomeshtapeh F.I, Drope J. 2015. The Tobacco Atlas, Fifth Edition. Atlanta, GA, USA: American Cancer Society. 46pp
Geng Y, Cao G, Wang L and Wang S. 2019. Effects of equal chemical fertilizer substitutions with organic manure on yield, dry matter, and nitrogen uptake of spring maize and soil nitrogen distribution. Plos One, 14: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219512
Hazem, M.K, Carpentier R, Allakhverdiev S and Karolina B. 2012. Fluorescence parameters as early indicators of light stress in barley. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 112: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.03.009
Hodgson J.F, Lindsay W.L and Trierweiler J.F. 1966. Micronutrient cation complexing in soil solution: ІІ complexing of zinc and copper in dis placed solution from calcareous soils. Soil Science Society America Proceeding, 30: 723 -726.
Iran Tobacco Company. 2020. Statistics report of cultivation of Iran Tobacco Company. Iran Tobacco Company.31Pp. (In Persian).
Jarrell W.M and Beverly R.B. 1981. The dilution effect in plant nutrition studies. Advances in Agronomy. 34: 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60887-1
Josh BH, Matthew CV and Ramswy SL. 2019. Agronomic practices affecting nicotine concentration in flue cured tobacco. Agronomy Journal, 3067-3075. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2019.04.0268
Josh BH, Matthew CV, Ingram MC, Paul C and Brian E. 2018. Nutrient disorders of burley and flue-cured tobacco. Crops Soils Magazine, 4(1). 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2134/cftm2017.11.0076
Kınay A and Kurt D. 2021. Chemical content and quality of sun cured tobacco lines. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36(2): 282-292. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.872885
Kınay A, Güngör Y and Nejdet K. 2020. Yield and quality properties of some oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hybrids. Genetika, 52(2): 735-750. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2002735K
Krishna reddy s v, Kasturi k, krishnamurthy v, chandrasekhara rao c and anuradha m. 2016. Effect of N and K levels on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of FCV tobacco cv. Kanchan. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86 (5): 691–5. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v86i5.58357
Lewis RS. 2018. Potential mandated lowering of nicotine levels in cigarettes. A plant perspective. Nicotine Tobacco Research, 21 (7): 991–995. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty022
Mirsolav B, Ankica B, Mirko B, Hrvoje S and vinko K. 2010. Effect of within-row spacing on agronomic and morphological characteristics of the flue-cured cultivars. Tobacco Conspectus Scientificus Agricultural, 75(1):27-31.
Mlambo O. 2015. Effects of intra row spacing on growth, yield and quality of selected new flue cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties. A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science Agronomy Honours Degree. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural Resources Management and Agriculture Midlands State University. 46p.
Mudzengerere I.E. 2013. Corn and soybean response to rotation sequence, row spacing, and tillage system. Crop Science. 95: 965-971. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.9650
Radoukova T.I and Dyulgerski Y.K. 2014. Comparative study on the effect of the climatic conditions on biological, economic and chemical characteristics of large-leaved tobacco samples of burley and Virginia groups. Ecologia Balkanica 5:49–54. http://eb.bio.uni-plovdiv.b
Salvati M.R. 2000. Determination of dry weight and leaf area using some morphological characteristics in commercial tobacco cultivars. Research Report of Iran Tobacco Company (79- 201- 2). 32-45 Pp. (In Persian).
Shakhzeinoddin A and Elahi M. 2021. Agricultural sustainability assessment in the Iranian provinces. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 32 (2): 349-366. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/saps.2021.46430.2690
Shamel rostami M.T, Nicmaram J, Ahifar H and Fattahi A. 2000. Effects of potassium rates in different fertile soils on flue-cured tobacco. Bull. Spec. CORESTA, 2000, Lisbon Congress, P 116, abstr. APOST15
Tabaxi L, Charikleia Z, Stella K, Antigoni-Eleni F, Ioanna K, Apostolos K and Dimitrios B. 2021. Effect of organic fertilization on quality and yield of oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under Mediterranean conditions. Asian Journal Agriculture and Biology, (1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2020.05.274
Tang H, Wang J, Li X, Zeng Zh, Liu L, Liu L and Yan H. 2019. The effect of water-nitrogen coupling on growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 38(6). 17–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223665
Tso TC. 1990. Production, Physiology and Biochemistry of Tobacco Plant. Publisher:  Ideals. 32. Pp
Wu Y.S, Gong W.Y and Yang W.Y. 2017. Shade inhibits leaf size by controlling cell proliferation and enlargement in soybean. Scientific Reports, 7: 9259. 10.1038/s41598-017-10026-5
Yang Y, Zhang S, Li N, Chen H, Jia H, Song X, Liu G, Ni Ch, Wang Zh, Shao H and Zhang S. 2019. Metagenomic insights into effects of wheat straw compost fertiliser application on microbial community composition and function in tobacco rhizosphere soil. Scientific Reports, 9: 6168. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42667-z
Yemanne O.N. 2013. Response of soybean cultivars to narrow rows and planting rates under weed free conditions. Agronomy Journal, 69:89-92.
Zamani P. 2010. Cultivation and processing of tobacco. Iran Tobacco Company, 160 pp. (In Persian).
Zeleke M, Dawit D and Dereje S.K. 2019. Effect of nitrogen rate and intra-row spacing on yield components and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under irrigation condition at Achura in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 6 (9): 13-22.
Zuoxin T, Lulu C.h, Zebin C.h, Yali F, Xiaolu S, Binbin W and Tiyuan X. 2020. Climatic factors determine the yield and quality of Honghe flue-cured tobacco. Scientific Reports, 10:1986.
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 34، شماره 3
آبان 1403
صفحه 55-67

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار