ارزیابی شاخص‌های رشد، محصول تولیدی و سودمندی در کشت مخلوط گندم، سویا و ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه بوعلی همدان

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات

10.22034/saps.2023.54328.2953

چکیده

اهداف: کشت مخلوط یکی از شیوه‌های اکولوژیک کشاورزی پایدار است که به‌منظور افزایش بهره‌وری و تولید محصولات زراعی اجرا می‌شود. بنابراین، با توجه به لزوم استفاده از سیستم‌های کشاورزی پایدار و ایجاد تنوع در سیستم‌های کشاورزی، این آزمایش با هدف بررسی رشد، محصول تولیدی از نظر کمی و کیفی و کارایی استفاده از زمین در کشت مخلوط گندم، سویا وذرت اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا در سال زراعی 99–1398 به‌صورت بلوک-های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. کشت‌های مخلوط 4w:2s (دو ردیف سویا: چهار ردیف گندم)، 4w:2s:1c (یک ردیف ذرت: دو ردیف سویا: چهار ردیف گندم)، 4w:2s:2c، 6w:3s، 6w:3s:1c، 6w:3s:2c و کشت‌های خالص هر سه گونه تیمارهای آزمایش بود. شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک، کیفیت دانه و کارایی استفاده از آب، نیتروژن و زمین ارزیابی شدند.
یافته‌ها: اثر الگو‌ی کشت بر شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه گندم، سویا و ذرت معنی‌دار بود. بالاترین میزان این ویژگی‌ها از کشت خالص هر سه گونه به‌دست آمد. با این وجود، ارزیابی شاخص نسبت برابری زمین حاکی از برتری تمام الگو‌های کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص داشت. به‌طوری که بیشترین میزان LER (16/2) و کارایی مصرف آب از تیمار 6w:3s:2c به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه گیری: به‌طور کلی، کشت مخلوط 6w:3s:2c علاوه ‌بر بهبود عملکرد کل و کارایی مصرف آب می‌تواند به پایداری اکوسیستم و حداکثر بهره‌وروی از زمین منجر ‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of growth indices, yield performance and advantages in intercropping of wheat, soybean and corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Hamzei 1
  • Mabaojt Zarei 2
1 Bu-Ali Sina University
2 دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Intercropping is an ecological way of sustainable agriculture used to increase land productivity and crops. Therefore, while considering the necessity of using sustainable agriculture systems and creating diversity in agriculture, this experiment was done with the aims of investigating of growth, yield performance in terms of quantity, and quality and resource utilization efficiency in wheat, soybean and corn intercropping system.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Research Farm of Bu–Ali Sina University in the 2019–2020 growing season. Intercropping treatments included 4w:2s (4 rows wheat: 2 rows soybean), 4w:2s:1c (4 rows wheat: 2 rows soybean: 1 row corn), 4w:2s:2c, 6w:3s, 6w:3s:1c, 6w:3s:2c, along with sole plot of wheat, soybean and corn. Leaf area index, crop growth rate, grain yield, biological yield, grain quality, and nitrogen, water and land use efficiency, were evaluated.
Results: The effect of different planting patterns on leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), biological yield and grain yield of wheat, soybean and corn were significant. The highest amount for these properties was achieved from sole cropping of these crops. Nevertheless, the evaluation of intercropping indices showed that all the intercropping patterns had an advantage compared to sole cropping system. So that the highest LER (2.23) and the highest water use efficiency were achieved from 6w:3s:2c treatment.
Conclusion: In general, 6w:3s:2c treatment can lead to the improvement of total grain yield and WUE as well as ecosystem sustainability and maximum land productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereals
  • land equivalent ratio
  • legume
  • polyculture
  • resource utilization efficiency
  • yield
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