اثر همزیستی با قارچ میکوریزا بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و جذب عناصر غذایی بادام رقم ʼسوپرنواʻ پیوند شده روی پایه GN15 تحت تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه باغبانی- دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

10.22034/saps.2024.60735.3188

چکیده

اهداف: کشت گونه‌های متحمل به شوری به همراه تلقیح آن‌ها با ریزجانداران مفید خاک، می‌تواند یک راهکار موثر برای کاهش مشکلات شوری باشد. هدف از این آزمایش، بررسی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک و جذب عناصر غذایی بادام رقم Supernovaʼʽ پیوند شده روی پایه GN15 به تلقیح با قارچ‌ میکوریزا در سطوح مختلف شوری است.
مواد و روش‌ها: مطالعه حاضر بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور (1) تلقیح با قارچ در دو سطح (تلقیح نشده و تلقیح شده با Rhizophagus intraradices) و (2) شوری در سه سطح (صفر، 60 و 120 میلی‌مولار) با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا باعث بهبود شاخص‌های رشدی، نسبت فلورسانس متغیر به حداکثر و محتوای کلروفیل در تنش شوری بالا گردید. تلقیح با R. intraradices بطور معنی‌داری باعث کاهش محتوای پراکسید هیدروژن و مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و افزایش ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و محتوای پرولین در مقایسه با گیاهان تلقیح نشده در سطح بالای شوری شد. در گیاهان تلقیح شده محتوای فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ در تمام سطوح شوری و در ریشه در شوری متوسط بطورمعنی‌داری بیشتر از گیاهان تلقیح نشده بود. تحت تنش شوری، محتوای سدیم برگ گیاهان تلقیح شده بطور معنی‌داری کمتر از گیاهان تلقیح نشده بود، درحالیکه در مورد سدیم ریشه برعکس بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا به همراه پایه متحمل می‌تواند یک روش کارآمد و سازگار با محیط زیست برای افزایش تحمل بادام به شوری باشد. در این راستا انجام آزمایشات بیشتر با ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف بادام در شرایط باغ ضروری بنظر میرسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungus on the physiological properties and nutrient uptake of ʻSupernovaʼ almonds grafted on GN15 rootstocks under salt stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shabnam Mostafavi 1
  • Jafar Hajilou 2
  • sahebali boland nazar 3
1 Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, . Tabriz. Iran.
2 Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran.
3 Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,. Tabriz Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Cultivating salt-tolerant species and inoculating them with beneficial soil microorganisms can be an effective solution to alleviate the salinity problems. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the physiological responses and nutrient uptake of the almond cultivar 'Supernova' grafted on GN15 rootstock when inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi at different salinity levels.
Material and Methods: The current study followed a factorial design in the form of a randomized complete block design with two factors: (1) inoculation with fungi at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices) and (2) salinity at three levels (0, 60 and 120 mM) with three replicates under greenhouse conditions.
Results: The results showed that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi improved growth indices, Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content under high salt stress. Inoculation with R. intraradices significantly reduced H2O2 and MDA content, while antioxidant capacity and proline content increased compared to non-inoculated plants under high salinity conditions. Inoculated plants showed significantly higher phosphorus and potassium content in the leaves at all salinity levels and in the roots at medium salinity compared to non-inoculated plants. Under salt stress, the sodium content of leaves in inoculated plants was significantly lower than in non-inoculated plants, while the opposite was observed for root sodium content.
Conclusion: The use of mycorrhizal fungi in combination with a tolerant rootstock can be an effective and environment-friendly approach to mprove the salt tolerance of almond trees. In this regard, it seems necessary to conduct more experiments with different almonds genotypes under garden conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Salt stress
  • Almond
  • Mycorrhizal fungi
  • Physiological properties
  • Nutrient uptake
Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Laouane RB, Anli M, Boutasknit A, Wahbi S and Meddich A, 2019. Use of mycorrhizal fungi in improving tolerance of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seedlings to salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 253: 429-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.066
Aliasgharzad N, Rastin SN, Towfighi H and Alizadeh A, 2001. Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of Tabriz Plain of Iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil. Mycorrhiza, 11, 119-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1546-4
Amanifar S and Toghranegar Z, 2020. The efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhiza for improving tolerance of Valeriana officinalis L. and enhancing valerenic acid accumulation under salinity stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 147: 112234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112234
Angooti A, Hajilou J, Hajali E and Fathi H, 2019. Effect of different levels of salinity on growth indices, mineral absorption, antioxidant enzymes activity and some physiological traits of roots and leaf in GN15 hybrid rootstocks. Iranian Journal of Horticaltural Sciences, 50(2): 483-500. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2018.254151.1420
Arnon DI, 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant physiology, 24(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1
Ashraf M and Harris PJ, 2013. Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview. Photosynthetica, 51: 163-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0021-6
Bates LS, Waldren RA and Teare I, 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Bencherif K, Dalpé Y and Lounès Hadj-Sahraoui A, 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate soil salinity stress in arid and semiarid areas. Microorganisms in Saline Environments: Strategies and Functions, 375-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18975-4_16
Blilou I, Ocampo JA and García‐Garrido JM, 2000. Induction of Ltp (lipid transfer protein) and Pal (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase) gene expression in rice roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51(353): 1969-1977. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/51.353.1969
Blois MS, 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181(4617):1199-200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
Bonanomi A, Oetiker JH, Guggenheim R, Boller T, Wiemken A and Vögeli‐Lange R, 2001. Arbuscular mycorrhiza in mini‐mycorrhizotrons: first contact of Medicago truncatula roots with Glomus intraradices induces chalcone synthase .New Phytologist, 150(3): 573-582. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00135.x
Bowler C, Montagu MV and Inze D, 1992. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 43(1): 83-116. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.43.060192.000503
Cantrell IC and Linderman RG, 2001. Preinoculation of lettuce and onion with VA mycorrhizal fungi reduces deleterious effects of soil salinity. Plant Soil 233, 269–281. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010564013601
Chang W, Sui X, Fan XX, Jia TT and Song FQ, 2018. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis modulates antioxidant response and ion distribution in salt-stressed Elaeagnus angustifolia seedlings. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9: 652. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00652
Chapman HD and Pratt PF, 1962. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Soil Science, 93(1): 68.
Chinnusamy V, Jagendorf A and Zhu JK, 2005. Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Science, 45(2): 437-448. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0437
Evelin H, Giri B and Kapoor R, 2012. Contribution of Glomus intraradices inoculation to nutrient acquisition and mitigation of ionic imbalance in NaCl-stressed Trigonella foenum-graecum. Mycorrhiza, 22: 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-011-0392-0
Garg N and Baher N, 2013. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in proline biosynthesis and metabolism of Cicer arietinum L.(chickpea) genotypes under salt stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 32: 767-778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-013-9346-4
Giri B, Kapoor R and Mukerji K, 2003. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salinity on growth, biomass, and mineral nutrition of Acacia auriculiformis. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38: 170-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0636-z
Goicoechea N, Sánchez-Diaz M, Sáez and Irañeta J, 2004. The Association of Barley with AM fungi can result in similar yield and grain quality as a long term application of P or PK fertilizers by enhancing root phosphatase activity and sugars in leaves at tillering. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 22(1): 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2004.9754989
Grattan S and Grieve C, 1998. Salinity–mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78(1-4): 127-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00192-7
Hajiboland R, 2013. Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in amelioration of salinity. Salt Stress in Plants: Signalling, Omics and Adaptations, 301-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6108-1_13
Hajiboland R, Aliasgharzadeh N, Laiegh SF and Poschenrieder C, 2010. Colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves salinity tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Plant and Soil, 331: 313-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0255-z
Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Radhakrishnan R, Al-Arjani ABF, Aldehaish HA, Egamberdieva D and Abd-Allah EF, 2018. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate the oxidative system, hormones and ionic equilibrium to trigger salt stress tolerance in Cucumis sativus L. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(6): 1102-1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.03.009
Hatami E, Shokouhian AA, Ghanbari AR and Naseri LA, 2018. Alleviating salt stress in almond rootstocks using of humic acid. Scientia Horticulturae, 237: 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.034
Hause B and Fester T, 2005. Molecular and cell biology of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Planta, 221: 184-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-004-1436-x
He Z, He C, Zhang Z, Zou Z and Wang H, 2007. Changes of antioxidative enzymes and cell membrane osmosis in tomato colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizae under NaCl stress. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 59(2): 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.04.023
Heath RL and Packer L, 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125(1): 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1
Hoagland DR and Arnon DI, 1950. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Circular. California Agricultural Experiment Station, 347 (2nd edit).
Juniper S and Abbott L, 2006. Soil salinity delays germination and limits growth of hyphae from propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza, 16: 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-006-0046-9
Ladizinsky G, 1999. On the origin of almond. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 46: 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008690409554
Lichtenthaler HK, 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, Elsevier, 148: 350-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1
Marizadeh A, Bolandnazar S, Hajilou J and Lotfollahy A, 2021. The Effect of commercial rootstocks and inoculation with two species of mycorrhizal fungi on some element uptake and qualitative traits of greenhouse cucumber. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31(1): 145-161. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/saps.2021.12793
Marschner H, Kirkby E and Cakmak I, 1996. Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot-root partitioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47: 1255-1263. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/47.special_issue.1255
Massai R, Remorini D and Tattini M, 2004. Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in two scion/rootstock combinations of Prunus under various salinity concentrations. Plant and Soil, 259: 153-162. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PLSO.0000020954.71828.13
McGonigle TP, Miller MH, Evans D, Fairchild G and Swan JA, 1990. A new method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular—arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist, 115(3): 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00476.x
Miransari M, 2010. Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to plant growth under different types of soil stress. Plant Biology, 12(4): 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00308.x
Miransari M, 2013. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and uptake of nutrients. Springer, 253-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39317-4_13
Momenpour A, Imani A, Bakhshi D and Rezaie H, 2015. Effect of Salinity stress on concentrations of nutrition elements in almond (Prunus dulcis) 'Shokofeh', 'Sahand' cultivars and '13-40' genotype budded on GF677 rootstock. Journal of Horticultural Science, 29(2): 255-268. https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.33416
Munns R and Tester M, 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 651-681. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911
Murkute AA, Sharma S, Singh S and Patel V, 2009. Response of mycorrhizal citrus rootstock plantlets to salt stress. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 66(4): 456-460.
Navarro JM, Pérez-Tornero O and Morte A, 2014. Alleviation of salt stress in citrus seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi depends on the rootstock salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171(1): 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2013.06.006
Netto AT, Campostrini E, de Oliveira JG and Bressan-Smith RE, 2005. Photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, chlorophyll a fluorescence and S PAD-502 readings in coffee leaves. Scientia Horticulturae, 104(2): 199-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.08.013
Ottman Y and Byrne DH, 1988. Screening rootstocks of Prunus for relative salt tolerance. HortScience, 23(2): 375-378. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.23.2.375
Phillips J and Hayman D, 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 55(1): 158-IN118. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(70)80110-3
Porcel R, Aroca R, Azcon R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, 2016. Regulation of cation transporter genes by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice plants subjected to salinity suggests improved salt tolerance due to reduced Na+ root-to-shoot distribution. Mycorrhiza. 26, 673–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-016-0704-5
Ruiz-Lozano JM and Azcón R, 2000. Symbiotic efficiency and infectivity of an autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal Glomus sp. from saline soils and Glomus deserticola under salinity. Mycorrhiza, 10: 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720000075
Ruiz-Lozano JM, Porcel R, Azcón C and Aroca R, 2012. Regulation by arbuscular mycorrhizae of the integrated physiological response to salinity in plants: new challenges in physiological and molecular studies. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(11): 4033-4044. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers126
Shahvali R, Shiran B, Ravash R, Fallahi H and Deri BB, 2020. Effect of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on salt stress tolerance in GF677 (peach× almond) rootstock. Scientia Horticulturae, 272: 109535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109535
Sharma A, Shahzad B, Rehman A, Bhardwaj R, Landi M and Zheng B, 2019. Response of phenylpropanoid pathway and the role of polyphenols in plants under abiotic stress. Molecules 24(13): 2452. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132452
Stepien P and Klobus G, 2005. Antioxidant defense in the leaves of C3 and C4 plants under salinity stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 125(1): 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00534.x
Tyagi J, Varma A and Pudake RN, 2017. Evaluation of comparative effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus intraradices) and endophyte (Piriformospora indica) association with finger millet (Eleusine coracana) under drought stress. European Journal of Soil Biology, 81: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.05.007
Velikova V, Yordanov I and Edreva A, 2000. Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Science, 151(1): 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00197-1
Wu QS, Zou YN, Liu W, Ye X, Zai H and Zhao L, 2010. Alleviation of salt stress in citrus seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza: changes in leaf antioxidant defense systems. Plant, Soil and Environment, 56(10): 470-475. https://doi.org/10.17221/54/2010-PSE
Yaghoubian Y, Goltapeh EM, Pirdashti H, Esfandiari E, Feiziasl V, Dolatabadi HK, Varma A and Hassim MH, 2014. Effect of Glomus mosseae and Piriformospora indica on growth and antioxidant defense responses of wheat plants under drought stress. Agricultural Research, 3: 239-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-014-0114-x
Zai XM, Fan JJ, Hao ZP, Liu XM and Zhang WX, 2021. Effect of co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing fungi on nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of beach palm under salt stress environment. Scientific Reports, 11(1): 5761. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84284-9
Zrig A, Mohamed HB, Tounekti T, Khemira H, Serrano M, Valero D and Vadel A, 2016. Effect of rootstock on salinity tolerance of sweet almond (cv. Mazzetto). South African Journal of Botany, 102: 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.09.001