تأثیر مصرف توأم بیوچار و نیتروژن بر برخی خصوصیات زراعی بوته کلزا و کارایی مصرف آب در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه علوم خاک- دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشگاه تبریز

4 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی - دانشگاه تبریز

10.22034/saps.2024.62239.3241

چکیده

چکیده
مقدمه و اهداف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر برهمکنش نیتروژن و بیوچار در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی بر برخی خصوصیات زراعی گیاه کلزا (Brassica napus L.‌) در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در یک خاک آهکی با بافت لوم شنی انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل ماده آلی در پنج سطح (صفر، 75/0 و 5/1 درصد از دو منبع بیوچار (B) و کاه‌ گندم (St))، نیتروژن (N) در دو سطح (150 و 300 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن بر کیلوگرم خاک از منبع اوره) و رطوبت در دو سطح بدون تنش (85 تا 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (FC)) و تنش (50 تا60 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) بود. قبل از برداشت بوته‌ها شاخص کلروفیل برگ‍، پتانسیل آب برگ، هدایت روزنه­ای و سطح برگ اندازه­گیری شدند. بعد از برداشت بوته‌ها نیز کارایی مصرف آب و برخی خصوصیات زراعی اندازه­گیری شدند.
 
یافته‌ها: با مصرف بیوچار و نیتروژن شاخص‌ کلروفیل برگ‍، پتانسیل آب برگ، هدایت روزنه­ای،‌‍ ماده خشک شاخساره، ماده خشک ریشه و دانه، تعداد غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، کارایی مصرف آب و مقدار روغن دانه به­طور معناداری نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافتند. مصرف کاه‌ گندم، شاخص­ کلروفیل برگ، پتانسیل آب برگ و کارایی مصرف آب برگ را کاهش داد ولی هم‌زمان سبب افزایش ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، سطح برگ، هدایت روزنه­ای، وزن ماده خشک شاخساره، ریشه و دانه، تعداد غلاف و وزن هزار دانه نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. همچنین، اعمال تنش کم­آبی به‌جز کارایی مصرف آب و شاخص کلروفیل برگ سبب کاهش بقیه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: در این تحقیق گلخانه‌ای تیمار B1.5N150FC0.5 بدون افت عملکرد در مقایسه با تیمار B1.5N300FC0.5  باعث صرفه جویی در مصرف نیتروژن شد. مصرف ماده آلی اعم از کاه گندم و بیوچار در هر دو سطح 75/0 و 5/1 درصد سبب افزایش معنادار اکثر صفات زراعی بوته کلزا به ویژه مقدار روغن دانه در یک خاک آهکی شد و البته تحقیقات آتی در مزرعه توصیه می شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Combined effects of biochar and nitrogen on some agronomical triats of rapseed and water use efficiency under water deficit conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asad Ghaderpoor 1
  • Adel Reyhanitabar 2
  • Nosratollah Najafi 3
  • Davood Zarehaghi 4
  • Soheil Salimi trazoj 1
1 Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Soil Science Dept
3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
4 Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background& Objective: In this research, the effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on some agronomical traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), under water deficit stress conditions were studied in pot culture with a calcareous sandy loam soil.
 
Methods & Maerials: A factorial experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The factors were organic matter at five levels (0, 0.75, and 1.5 g 100 g-1 from two sources  of biochar and wheat straw), N at two levels (150 and 300 mg kg-1 as urea), and moisture at two levels (without stress or optimum, 85–100 percent of field capacity, and stress, 50-60 percent of field capacity). Before the plants harvesting, leaf chlorophyll index, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and leaf area were measured. After the plant harvesting, water use efficiency, and some agronomical triats were determined.
 
Results: Application of nitrogen and biochar significantly increased leaf chlorophyll index, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, shoot dry matter weight, grain dry matter weight,  weight of one thousand seeds, water use efficiency and seed oil content. Wheat straw application decreased leaf chlorophyll index, number of leaves, relative water content, leaf water potential and leaf water use efficiency, but at the same time increased plant height, , stem diameter, stomatal conductance, shoot dry matter weight, , dry weight of seed, and thousand seed weight compared to the treatment without organic matter. Water defecit stress decreased the plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, stomatal conductance, relative water content, leaf water potential, pod number, fresh and dry weights of shoot, fresh and dry weights of root, fresh and dry weights of seed and weight of one thousand seed, except for water use efficiency and leaf chlorophyll index.
 
Conclusion: In this greenhouse study, B1.5 N150 FC0.5 treatment reduced nitrogen use compared to the same treatment with 300 mg N.kg-1 soil (B1.5 N300 FC0.5) without significant yield loss. The application of organic matter including wheat straw and biochar at both levels of 0.75% and 1.5% caused a significant increase in most of the agronomical traits of rapeseed plants, especially the seed oil content in a calcareous soil, and of course, future research in the field is recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Drought
  • Nitrogen Fertilizer
  • Rapeseed
  • Wheat Straw
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