اثر هیومیک اسید بر پارامترهای فیزیولوژیک و رویشی دانهال‌های دوساله عناب (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) در شرایط نهالستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 Standard Sq., Semnan, Iran

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه جنگلداری مناطق خشک دانشکده کویرشناسی دانشگاه سمنان

3 مهندسی‌منابع‌طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی

4 مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی

10.22034/saps.2024.60299.3172

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: امروزه استفاده بی­رویه از کودهای شیمیایی به‌منظور تولید بیشتر محصولات کشاورزی، سلامت محیط‌زیست، خاک و آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی را با مخاطرات بسیار زیادی مواجه نموده است. از اینرو باتوجه‌به تأثیر مثبت کودهای آلی نظیر اسید هیومیک در کشاورزی، پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعه اثر هیومیک بر رویش و تبادلات گازی نهال­های دو‌ساله عناب صورت پذیرفت.
 
مواد و روش­ها: دانهال‌های دو‌ساله و هم اندازه عناب در بسترهای آماده شده در نهالستان مرکز تولید نهال کمربند سبز مشهد به‌صورت گودالی و با فواصل 5/1×5/1 متر کاشته شد. در 5 کرت آزمایشی مجزا، خاک نهالستان با کود حیوانی به طور کامل و یکنواخت مخلوط گردید. سپس در دو کرت علاوه بر کود حیوانی، کود هیومیک اسید با غلظت‌های 50 و 300 میلی­گرم در لیتر و در دو کرت دیگر نیز، محلول‌پاشی بر سطوح برگ دانهال‌ها با غلظت‌های مزبور در ابتدای فصل رویش انجام گرفت. پس از گذشت 180 روز از اعمال تیمارها، خصوصیات رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال از جمله ارتفاع نهال، قطر یقه، طول ریشه، تعداد برگ و شاخه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، مقدار تبادلات گازی، شدت فتوسنتز و زنده‌مانی نهال­ها اندازه‌گیری و مورد مقایسه آماری قرار گرفت.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از هیومیک اسید بر متغیرهای رویشی، فتوسنتز و تبادلات گازی نهال­های دو‌ساله عناب کاملاً اثرگذار بوده و باعث بهبود آن­ها شد. بر اساس یافته­های این تحقیق، تیمار هیومیک اسید با غلظت 300 میلی­گرم در لیتر اضافه شده به خاک باعث ایجاد بیشترین مقدار رویش قطری (4 میلی‌متر) و ارتفاعی نهال (71 سانتیمتر)، تعداد برگ (56) و گره (14)، وزن ریشه (43 گرم) و اندام‌های هوایی (61 گرم)، فتوسنتز (9/12 میکرومول بر متر مربع در ثانیه)، تعرق (3/4 میلی مول بر متر مربع در ثانیه) و هدایت روزنه‌ای (38/1 مول بر متر مربع در ثانیه) شد. افزایش هیومیک اسید در خاک عملکرد بهتری را نسبت به محلول‌پاشی بر سطح برگ داشت. در تمامی متغییرهای ارزیابی شده، کود حیوانی، کمترین میانگین را ایجاد نمود.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه‌به اثرات مثبت هیومیک اسید بر تبادلات گازی و بهبود ویژگی­های رویشی نهال­های گونه عناب و تأثیر بر افزایش زیست‌توده، اضافه کردن کودهای هیومیک اسید  با غلظت 300 میلی­گرم در لیتر به خاک در هنگام نهال‌کاری گونه عناب در فضاهای سبز شهری، باغداری و کمربندهای سبز شهرها توصیه می‌شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Humic Acid on Physiological and Growth Parameters of Two-year-old Jujube Seedlings (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in Nursery Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Iman Sahebalam 1
  • Alireza Zare 3
  • , Ebrahim Ganji-Moghadam, Ebrahim 4
1 Standard Sq., Semnan, Iran
2
3 Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashad, Iran
4 Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in order to produce more agricultural products has faced many risks to the health of the environment, soil and surface and underground water. Therefore, considering the positive effect of organic fertilizers such as humic acid in agriculture, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of humic acid on the growth and gas exchange of two-year-old jujube seedlings.
 
Materials and Methods: Two-year-old jujube seedlings with the same size were planted in the beds prepared in the nursery of Mashhad green belt seedling production center in the form of pits and with 1.5 x 1.5 meters intervals. In 5 separate experimental plots, nursery soil was mixed with animal manure completely and uniformly. Then, in addition to animal manure, humic acid fertilizer with concentrations of 50 and 300 mg.L-1 was applied in two plots, and in two other plots, foliar spraying was done on the leaf surfaces of seedlings with the mentioned concentrations at the beginning of the growing season. After 180 days of applying the treatments, the growth and physiological characteristics of the seedlings, including the seedlings height, collar diameter, root length, number of leaves and twigs, dry weight of shoot and root, the amount of gas exchange, the intensity of photosynthesis and the survival of the seedlings were measured and compared statistically.
 
Results: The results showed that the use of humic acid was completely effective on vegetative variables, photosynthesis and gas exchange of two-year-old jujube seedlings and improved them. According to the findings of this research, humic acid treatment with a concentration of 300 mg.L-1 added to the soil caused the highest amount of seedling growth in diameter (4 mm) and height (71 cm), the number of leaves (56) and twigs (14), dry weight of roots (43 g) and aerial parts (61 g), photosynthesis rate (12.9 μmol.m-2.s-1), transpiration (4.3 mmol.m-2.s-1) and stomatal conductance (1.38 mol.m-2.s-1). Increasing humic acid in the soil has a better performance than spraying on the leaf surface. In all evaluated variables, animal manure treatment created the lowest average.
 
Conclusion: Considering the positive effects of humic acid on gas exchange and improving the vegetative characteristics of jujube seedlings and the effect on increasing biomass, adding humic acid fertilizers with a concentration of 300 mg.L-1 to the soil are recommended during planting the jujube seedlings in urban green spaces, horticulture and green belts of cities.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gas Exchange
  • Growth Characteristics
  • Jujube
  • Organic Manure
  • Photosynthesis Intensity
  • Transpiration
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