جمعیت علف‌های هرز و کارایی مصرف برخی علفکش‌ها تحت تأثیر مدیریت تلفیقی بقایای گندم و مالچ سبز ماش در مزرعه ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

10.22034/saps.2023.55822.3012

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر مخلوط کردن، سوزاندن و خارج کردن بقایای گندم و کاربرد علفکش­ها بر کنترل علف‌های هرز و جذب عناصر غذایی توسط آنها در مزرعه ذرت اجرا شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: این پژوهش به صورت کرت‌های یکبار خردشده و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه آموزشی- پژوهشی شماره یک گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز در سال زراعی 1400-1399 انجام شد. خاک‌ورزی و مدیریت بقایای گندم در سه سطح شامل شخم رایج (گاوآهن برگرداندار + دیسک+ مخلوط کردن بقایا)، خاک‌ورزی (سوزاندن بقایا+ دیسک + روتیواتور) و  شخم حفاظتی (حفظ بقایا+ کاشت مستقیم با خطی­کار) به عنوان کرت اصلی و کنترل علف‌های هرز در پنج سطح شامل عدم کنترل (شاهد)، وجین دستی، علف‌کش 2,4-D + مالچ پوششی ماش سبز، علف‌کش آترازین + 2,4-D و علفـش 2,4-D در کرت‌های فرعی در نظر گرفته شد که در مزرعه ذرت رقم سینگل کراس 703 (ویژه اقلیم گرم جنوب) انجام شد.
یافته­ها: بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، بیشترین وزن خشک کل علف‌های هرز در مراحل رشدی 60 و 90 روز پس از کاشت در تیمار شاهد در شرایط شخم حفاظتی به ترتیب به میزان 97 و 337 گرم در مترمربع مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم جذب شده توسط علف‌های هرز مربوط به شخم حفاظتی در تیمار شاهد  بود و کم‌ترین مقدار این عناصر در وجین دستی در هر 3 فاکتور اصلی مشاهده شد. بیشترین تعداد علف‌هرز پهن‌برگ و باریک‌برگ با کاربرد شخم حفاظتی و تیمار عدم کنترل (شاهد) و 12% کاهش در شرایط شخم رایج + تیمار وجین دستی به دست آمد.
 
نتیجه­­ گیری: در بین تیمارهای مدیریت علف‌های هرز،  شخم رایج و یک بار وجین دستی کارایی بیشتری در مقایسه با تیمارهای شخم حفاظتی و مالچ سبز ماش داشتند. بنابراین می‌توان از بقایای گیاهی و مالچ گیاهی زنده در ابتدای رشد گیاه ذرت به عنوان یکی از اجزای کنترل تلفیقی همانند وجین دستی در کنار سایر روش‌های کنترل علف‌های هرز استفاده نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Weed Population and Efficiency of Herbicide influenced by Integrated Wheat Residue Management and mung bean Green Mulch in corn Field

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Sarkheh
  • Ali Monsefi
  • Payman Hassibi
Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics. Faculty of Agriculture. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of crop residue management and chemical control of weeds population under the influence of incorporation, burning and removal of residues and chemical control of weeds.
 
Materials and Methods: This study was performed as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments include management of previous crop residues (wheat) in the main plots (incorporated wheat residues in the soil with conventional tillage, burning wheat residues with minimum tillage and removing wheat residues with zero tillage); Weed control treatment in subplots; uncontrol, hand weeding, 2,4-D as post emergence + mung bean mulch, atrazine + 2,4-D as post emergence and 2,4-D as post emergence. The maize cultivar studied in this study was single-cross 703 cultivar.
 
Result: The results show that the maximum dry weight of the total weeds was observed in the 60 and 90 days after sowing in the control treatment under conservation tillage was 97 and 337 g m-2, respectively. The average comparison results showed that the highest amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depletion by weeds related to zero tillage was observed in the control treatment and the lowest amount of these elements was observed in hand weeding in all 3 main factors. The highest number of broad-leaved and narrow leaf weed was obtained with the use of zero tillage and uncontrolled treatment and the lowest was obtained in the condition of incorporated residues and hand weeding treatment.
 
Conclusion: In general, among the weed management treatments, incorporation of wheat residue and hand weeding once were more effective compared to zero tillage and green mulch treatments. Therefore, plant residues can be used as one of the integrated control components such as hand weeding along with other weed control methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Atrazine
  • Conservation Tillage
  • Green Mulch
  • 2
  • 4-D
  • Weed Management
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